[ اللغة الانجليزية ] : بنات ساعدوني -مادة النثر سنة ثانية الترم الثاني

[Rosalind]

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
بنات شخباركم
حبايبي عندي طلب منكم ؛؛بغيت محاضرات مادة النثر الترم الثاني تبع دكتورة مها سلام لأني سنة ثالث (نظام قديم )و عندي نثر ثاني محمول فياليت لو احد يقدر ينزل لي المحاضرات بلييييييز... لكم مني أجمل تحية .

[رحلة عمر]

Travel literature
It is any work which is written by a traveler .not all the writers of travelogue are professionals .Josef Addison ,Daniel Defoe are professional writers .it can be written by a professional ,or it can be written by any person a soldier ,an explorer…etc . Travel literature is defined as the narrative accounts written about an individual or group's encounter with another place. These writings also referred to as travelogues.
Although much of the world had been widely traveled and explored prior to this time period, the nineteenth-century saw the rise of the British Empire and an explosion in world travel by British citizens. The travel narratives written during this century were so plentiful that in the Exploration.
Nowadays, sometimes it is not a written book; it may be a TV program.
However, all time travelogues give factual information with artistic literary *******. It gives discretion of a certain place, rivers, mountain; trees .it would like a geography book.
But it differs in one aspect that it gives the traveler's opinion in his personal experience or adventure .it supposed to behave events, story, and experience given to us.
Travel literature, however, should not be confused with travel guides, which provide readers with more pragmatic information about a specific place. Where travel guides are informative.
The language of the travelogue is a literary style describes a certain accident, customs, and experience about people.
When we talk about a certain story of the travelogue there should be a comment on a certain journey or experience.
Another point of the travelogue is that should be a point of view because each of us has his own identity , a certain personality ,language , religion … the travel literature this guide points to should let the reader experience a particular culture, place, or people through the eyes of the writer.
For example, the age of 18th century was the age of colonialism.
If an English man who is going to Africa he is thinking that he is superior of these savages African people ,they don’t have any civilization .this would be the point of view of the English man ,his country is colonizing these people because they are barbarian and they are superior to them. (It is a cultural superiority)
If I am an English man, and I am going to Africa or India to spread my religion. Many travelers ,religious men wrote about their journey . like Ibn Batota ,he wrote about his pilgrim to Makah .
So ,if you are a soldier ,explorer , writer ,you have a certain character ,personality, language and feelings which color the way you see other people.
The first wave of travel literature in the century following Columbus was full of heroic tales of crusades, conquests and pilgrimages. Yet as the reality of these tales began to be questioned and as the value to natural philosophy of the newly discovered phenomena began to be respected, a different style of travel narrative emerged.
That is why the travel books have become very fashionable books nowadays. It is not only about literature, journey or adventure, but it is also a political ********s and historical ********s that explain an important event that happened in our world.
Robinson Crusoe is a travelogue and sentimental journey.
It is fashion in the critical studies to study travelogue not as an ancient book that has a certain point of view, but as a historical and political ********s.
-How this cultural superiority applied to our novel sentimental journey?
Actually, the protagonist of this novel has a real journey. He is an English man, he visits France and Italy.
France and Italy are western European nations, they are superior nations.
The English men a sense of racial superiority even with these nations .Even the religious point of view, that all are Christians, but the English people said that their church, religion and brand of Christianity are the best of all But Catholics are fanatics.
Their church is good but not as the English church.
The novel deals with the French and Italy, although he has a love story and adventure, but all the time and between lines he is superior.
Travel literature is an important sort of novels especially now, whether they are written or TV show.
Most of writers of the 18th century have the writings of the travelogues.
All the time we don’t care which it is really happened or not, it is a number of stories with a certain attitude and point of view between lines.
The cultural superiority is one of the most important points of view.

The end

[رحلة عمر]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note- when we talk about any character in the novel, we are supposed to talk about its reaction and its effect on the events.
Mr. Colien will sincere his feeling as he was rejected by Elizabeth but he is not going to suffer.
Charlotte is a very sensitive young woman, she uses her mind in everything, very rational, and she does not expect to be in love with the man she is going to marry.
Charlotte accepts the proposal of Mr. coline because she sees that coline is a relative the Bannets which means that he comes from an acceptable family, he has a good job so, and he is a suitable husband.
The reaction of charlotte to the proposal reflects her character. She is not romantic, rational.
She has a father and a mother and a number of brothers and sisters. Her family is very happy for this proposal, their daughter is about 27 years old, and they will be very happy to marry in their home.
We have the idea of (coming out) which means that if a family has a number of daughters, they do not come out at the same time. The older daughter comes out first; she is starting to dance with a young man, visiting people ……etc
After her marriage it will be the turn of the second daughter.
But this coming out role of the social decorum is not followed in this family because Mrs. Bennet is not a well ordered mother, and she would allow all her daughters to go out together. They are irregular family.
They are very happy because one sister will go away and they will start meeting young men.
Every member will be happy for this marriage .but Elizabeth ,charlotte's dear friend, Pragmatic where Elizabeth is romantic, and also six years older than Elizabeth, Charlotte does not view love as the most vital component of a marriage. She is more interested in having a comfortable home. Thus, when Mr. Collins proposes, she accepts. She respects charlotte, she is better than Collins. How she will marry this obnoxious man. Elizabeth is very angry and she did not expect this from charlotte.
Jane the kind, sweet natured daughter, defends this marriage. She thinks that charlotte has done nothing wrong (don’t be harsh on her, don’t judge her).
Mr. Collins, on the other hand, just behaves as a visitor; he just remains to stay with them after he was rejected by Elizabeth. He does not have any feeling, he does not care when Elizabeth rejected him.
Lady Catherine is not happy for this marriage. She is a very jealous woman, she want her daughter to get marry before the daughter of the Lucases, and because the inherit will go to Charlotte, and she will take her place. No one can persuade her to agree this marriage.
But the father is different; he discusses the marriage in a very humorous way. He said that Charlotte is more stupid than his daughter.
Charlotte and Mr. Collins get married and they go to hang ford, where Collins lives and works, and where Lady Catherine is where is living near this place.
A certain quick changes happen to the two families.
Bingley and Darcy are going to London and spend all the winter there .miss Bingley sends a letter to Jane .this letter shows her nature. . Miss Bingley’s spite only increases when she notices that Darcy, whom she is pursuing, pays quite a bit of attention to Elizabeth.
The reaction to the letter shows the difference between Elizabeth and Jane. Elizabeth is convinced that Bingley's sister has conspired with Darcy to separate Jane and Bingley.
Jane is very sad, she likes Bingley and he will not return .she is about to lose the man that she loves. While Elizabeth is practical and rational she doesn’t accept it easy.
Jane is very innocent, she accepts everybody as they are, she never tries to analyze things, and she doesn’t suspect people.
Elizabeth is more intelligent than Jane .she is able to understand Collins better than her sister Jane.
Jane removes to London and staying there .she writes a letter to miss Bingley to meet her but for three weeks there is no answer from her .then she receives a letter in a formal way ,and she knows that she doesn’t want to meet her.
Most of the themes in this novel are about a social interaction and the marriage proposal.
Wickham is starting to attention to different young lady in the same village .the young lady is just inherit money. He cares a lot about money .this is the idea of marry for the reason of money .but he doesn’t marry her.
The theme of the action is moved .Lady Catherin orders Charlotte and advises her. She expects that everyone should follow her advice.
Elizabeth can see this and refuses her order and advices. She can stop her interference.
-note: chapter 34, 35, 36.are very important.
Darcy and Elizabeth see each other. Elizabeth all the time has misunderstanding of Mr. Darcy for many reasons.
Elizabeth is angry off because Jane in London is writing letters, and in her letters she discovers that there is nothing between her and Bingley.
Darcy has changed his mind about Elizabeth, but she has no clue that this has happened. So when Darcy tries to pay her some sort of attention by following her around and eavesdropping on her conversations, she thinks that he's making fun of her. It never occurs to her that he's trying to find a way to make a move on her, so she's mean to him.
Then Darcy explains his feelings to Elizabeth, but his proposal is not in very correct way .he is a man very much in love, but Elizabeth is angry because Darcy has been the reason of breaking the affair between Jane and Bingley.
Her response was very strong .she tells him that he is bad man .Darcy is shocked and he can't answer her.
The most serious crime she accuses him is Jane and Bingley and the second is because of Wickham.
The next day Darcy sends her a letter telling her that he will go away to London. (This is the device of the letter as a narrative technique)
This letter is an explanation and this is the more reason why critics said that (Jane Austen, is a novelist but sometimes the way she is constructing the novel is similar to the way the play writers do.)
Elizabeth reads the explanation and she understands the truth .she is very shamed of her behavior.
The letter
Darcy apologizes in his letter, he knows that he is self confident, comes out of a respectable family, but he has done nothing wrong.
He is very surprised for her answer, for her opinion of him and her negative feelings against him .he wants to explain the two points: about her sister and about Wickham affair.
He told Bingley about Jane that she a very sweet natured, very kind, and a beautiful young lady. But her family is not suitable .they are not respectable relatives to the Bingley family. He apologizes that he should not interfere, it is not his business, but he is not a lair, he didn’t say anything wrong.
He explains to her that she is under a major mistake; he doesn’t leave her for any reason.
Although Wickham is an attractive man, but he deceives everybody. Maybe people are very charmed of him and he is deceived by him.
But Wickham father is very honest man ,he takes care of Darcy's family business .everybody respects him ,so Darcy's father decided to help his son Wickham .Later on ,the two fathers are died few months ago. And after the death of his father, Darcy intends to carry out his father's will.
Wickham prefers to study low .he agrees to give him money to study in London.
Of course, Wickham doesn’t want to study anything, he just takes the money to enjoy himself in London.
After some years Darcy discovers that Wickham is cunning, and he will not allow him to have a job.
The young man is very angry.
Darcy has a young sister about fifteen years old .she has just finished the school. She wants to study in London .Wickham takes her address and visits her and tries to have an affair with her. Somebody tells Darcy about this. He goes and put an end to this situation.
Wickham wants to revenge on Darcy, so if he marries Darcy's sister there will be double benefits .he will revenge on Darcy, and he will win the money.
This situation is very sensitive .Wickham knows that his plane didn’t succeed, but he knows that Darcy will not be able to tell anyone about what happened, because he wants to protect the reputation of his sister.
After reading the letter, Elizabeth feels very ashamed; she will have a chance to meet Darcy and to apologize to him.
The situation will develop in another direction.
تتمة المحاضرة
The sentimental journey
In this novel we are very much interested in the narrative technique.
Yorick is an English man .he decides to go journey to France and Italy. He writes about his journey, the people he met, the places he visited.
The novel begins in the middle of the conversation .Yorick and a man is talking. Two English men are talking together.
This way is a new way of writing. It is a modern way because people now are doing this.
The writer has a very fashionable technique in writing this novel.
In the first paragraph, there is no sentence, there is a fragment.
The two English men are talking about something we don’t know. They are making comparison about people in England and people in France.
People go by ship from Dover (an English port) to Calais (a French port).
He will go to Dover and reach Calais in the morning.
This behavior is a much companioned behavior. It doesn’t only describe the character of Yorick; it even describes the tall of the novel in general.
The novel gives a very close sense. The tone of this novel is very sentimental.
He actually goes to France, and at three o'clock he is in France, he is eating dinner meal of chicken. In France, there is a very strange custom. If you are a traveler to France, and die there, all your things will be the property of the government. It will not return to your family.
We have a third person narrator as a narrative technique. He talks in a very friendly tone .he is very companion whether in his way of writing or behavior. He is writing a travelogue, he talks about strange customs.
The story is very progressive, the man was in England, and then he is in France. The novel is a progressive digressions .it means that to tell another idea or story, but to return to the main story.
The man is traveling and narrating his journey, but while he is narrating the main story, he gives association ideas which he remembers a certain things while talking.
The novel is a travelogue and sentimental novel.

[رحلة عمر]

--------------------------------------------------------

The sentimental novel

Sentimental is (adj) related to feeling or emotion (a book related to a feeling or emotion).
But it is literary meaning it is a type of novel which was very popular in 18th century and was has one main feature which is the excessive feeling and extreme emotion. It is emotional reaction and emotional response.
In 1730 it were started to appear.
Pamela helps us to remember some features of the sentimental novel.
Pamela is the protagonist; she was a servant working in a house of an aristocratic family. She is supposed to be innocent, virtues woman. While she was working with this family, there was a young man admired her, he wants to make a love affair with her, but she did not response to him, because she is a very virtuous woman.
There are so much miserable themes, but at the end we find that Pamela was rewarded for her virtue, she became a great lady. The good is rewarded and the bad is punished at the end of the sentimental novel.
In addition of the excessive feeling, the sentimental novel has a young woman as a protagonist, and a young man who was labeled to be affected by things.
The main character was represented to be young woman in the midst of London and surrounded by danger because of the attempts of seduction of a master .or an orphan ,motherless and fatherless ,facing a lot of problems .The sentimental novel complemented the current social trends towardhumanism and the heightened value of human life. The literature focused on weaker members of society, such as orphans and condemned criminals, and allowed readers to identify and sympathize with them.

The contrast between the heroic woman's actions and her foil's is meant to draw sympathy to the character's plight and to instruct them about expected conduct of women. The domestic novel uses sentimentalism as a tool to convince readers of the importance of its message. It was like a guide book or a conduct novel to teach woman how to face their problems.
Sentimental novel is a conduct book or a domestic novel .it has a certain features. The excessive emotion and the extreme feeling are the most important aspect of this kind of novels.
Also we always find the themes of misery and pain, the main character that is pour and innocent suffers a lot, but he is rewarded at the end. The good is rewarded the bad is punished.
Sentimental novel by the end of the 18th century, sentimental literature faced complaints about the abundance of "cheap sentiment" and its excessive bodily display. Critics, and eventually the public, began to see sentimentalism manifested in society as unhealthy and the genre began declining sharply in popularity.
Critics said that the literary fashion was changed, and this extreme and excessive became unacceptable and unreal .gradually, step by step, it was out of fashion.
But we can't say that sentimental novel in the 18th, did not play a role .in that time people needed it, and it played an important role.
Society was starting to change in life style people didn’t know what to do during this change, it was as a guide.
Immigration, and the changing from agricultural community into industrial community, all these reasons made sentimental novel a guide book.
The Women started to get an opportunity to work; most of them had a job. When they met any male and started to admire him, they needed a book to guide them and to tell them how to protect their virtue. Many parents bought these books.
Society at a certain speech will have a certain need .these novels of the 18th century will supply this need .it is considered as something needed or successful.
The age of the 19th century was the age of reason; emotion and feeling were not used a lot.
The sentimental novel was an action against the age of reason and mined.
It had an important role in the 18th century. The prison system was changed, and many aspects which were discussed in the sentimental novel changed.
Led to social movements calling for change, Instead of the death penalty, popular sentiment called for the rehabilitation of criminals, rather than harsh punishment.[
L
Do you think that the works of Jane Austen are a sentimental works?
In fact no, although she speaks about love, marriage but it needs exaggeration. Not everything about emotion is called sentimental.
Having a pour virtue, misery, the virtuous is reworded at the end ….etc are not found in any work of Jane Austen.
Jane Austen's works are not sentimental.
In sense and sensibility, the opinion of Jane Austen towards feeling has the same meaning of sentimentality.
In this novel we have two sisters. They represent reason and heart, all the time as we are reading the novel, we see Jane Austen in a type of a sense and not a type of sensibility.
In some time we find her using balance, sometimes we find her talking about more feeling and in another place we find her talking more about mind or reason. She made a balance between mind and heart, this aspect we did not find in a sentimental novel because it is all against balance and equalization.
Her third novel was written at the age when the sentimental novel was popular, and she wants everybody to understand her attitude, so she made it very clear.
Although a Sentimental Journey carries the features of the sentimental novel, but some critics said that (although it has excessive sense and although the title has the word sentimental, yet it is not about sentiment. it shows us a travel literature. he has a very deep sense of humor and he was making fun of sentiment.
If people are writing a travel narrative, and adding the elements of the sentiment to it, that is the way this book is going to be.)



The end

[هويآن]

رحله عمر أنا مو e

بس عجبني تعاونك


سلمتي

[رحلة عمر]

Travel literature

It is any work which is written by a traveler .not all the writers of travelogue are professionals .Josef Addison ,Daniel Defoe are professional writers .it can be written by a professional ,or it can be written by any person a soldier ,an explorer…etc . Travel literature is defined as the narrative accounts written about an individual or group's encounter with another place. These writings also referred to as travelogues.
Although much of the world had been widely traveled and explored prior to this time period, the nineteenth-century saw the rise of the British Empire and an explosion in world travel by British citizens. The travel narratives written during this century were so plentiful that in the Exploration.
Nowadays, sometimes it is not a written book; it may be a TV program.
However, all time travelogues give factual information with artistic literary *******. It gives discretion of a certain place, rivers, mountain; trees .it would like a geography book.
But it differs in one aspect that it gives the traveler's opinion in his personal experience or adventure .it supposed to behave events, story, and experience given to us.
Travel literature, however, should not be confused with travel guides, which provide readers with more pragmatic information about a specific place. Where travel guides are informative.
The language of the travelogue is a literary style describes a certain accident, customs, and experience about people.
When we talk about a certain story of the travelogue there should be a comment on a certain journey or experience.
Another point of the travelogue is that should be a point of view because each of us has his own identity , a certain personality ,language , religion … the travel literature this guide points to should let the reader experience a particular culture, place, or people through the eyes of the writer.
For example, the age of 18th century was the age of colonialism.
If an English man who is going to Africa he is thinking that he is superior of these savages African people ,they don’t have any civilization .this would be the point of view of the English man ,his country is colonizing these people because they are barbarian and they are superior to them. (It is a cultural superiority)
If I am an English man, and I am going to Africa or India to spread my religion. Many travelers ,religious men wrote about their journey . like Ibn Batota ,he wrote about his pilgrim to Makah .
So ,if you are a soldier ,explorer , writer ,you have a certain character ,personality, language and feelings which color the way you see other people.
The first wave of travel literature in the century following Columbus was full of heroic tales of crusades, conquests and pilgrimages. Yet as the reality of these tales began to be questioned and as the value to natural philosophy of the newly discovered phenomena began to be respected, a different style of travel narrative emerged.
That is why the travel books have become very fashionable books nowadays. It is not only about literature, journey or adventure, but it is also a political ********s and historical ********s that explain an important event that happened in our world.
Robinson Crusoe is a travelogue and sentimental journey.
It is fashion in the critical studies to study travelogue not as an ancient book that has a certain point of view, but as a historical and political ********s.
-How this cultural superiority applied to our novel sentimental journey?
Actually, the protagonist of this novel has a real journey. He is an English man, he visits France and Italy.
France and Italy are western European nations, they are superior nations.
The English men a sense of racial superiority even with these nations .Even the religious point of view, that all are Christians, but the English people said that their church, religion and brand of Christianity are the best of all But Catholics are fanatics.
Their church is good but not as the English church.
The novel deals with the French and Italy, although he has a love story and adventure, but all the time and between lines he is superior.
Travel literature is an important sort of novels especially now, whether they are written or TV show.
Most of writers of the 18th century have the writings of the travelogues.
All the time we don’t care which it is really happened or not, it is a number of stories with a certain attitude and point of view between lines.
The cultural superiority is one of the most important points of view.



The end

[رحلة عمر]

SECOND YEAR PROSE
NO.8 DR.MAHA
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note- when we talk about any character in the novel, we are supposed to talk about its reaction and its effect on the events.

Mr. Colien will sincere his feeling as he was rejected by Elizabeth but he is not going to suffer.
Charlotte is a very sensitive young woman, she uses her mind in everything, very rational, and she does not expect to be in love with the man she is going to marry.
Charlotte accepts the proposal of Mr. coline because she sees that coline is a relative the Bannets which means that he comes from an acceptable family, he has a good job so, and he is a suitable husband.
The reaction of charlotte to the proposal reflects her character. She is not romantic, rational.
She has a father and a mother and a number of brothers and sisters. Her family is very happy for this proposal, their daughter is about 27 years old, and they will be very happy to marry in their home.
We have the idea of (coming out) which means that if a family has a number of daughters, they do not come out at the same time. The older daughter comes out first; she is starting to dance with a young man, visiting people ……etc
After her marriage it will be the turn of the second daughter.
But this coming out role of the social decorum is not followed in this family because Mrs. Bennet is not a well ordered mother, and she would allow all her daughters to go out together. They are irregular family.
They are very happy because one sister will go away and they will start meeting young men.
Every member will be happy for this marriage .but Elizabeth ,charlotte's dear friend, Pragmatic where Elizabeth is romantic, and also six years older than Elizabeth, Charlotte does not view love as the most vital component of a marriage. She is more interested in having a comfortable home. Thus, when Mr. Collins proposes, she accepts. She respects charlotte, she is better than Collins. How she will marry this obnoxious man. Elizabeth is very angry and she did not expect this from charlotte.
Jane the kind, sweet natured daughter, defends this marriage. She thinks that charlotte has done nothing wrong (don’t be harsh on her, don’t judge her).
Mr. Collins, on the other hand, just behaves as a visitor; he just remains to stay with them after he was rejected by Elizabeth. He does not have any feeling, he does not care when Elizabeth rejected him.
Lady Catherine is not happy for this marriage. She is a very jealous woman, she want her daughter to get marry before the daughter of the Lucases, and because the inherit will go to Charlotte, and she will take her place. No one can persuade her to agree this marriage.
But the father is different; he discusses the marriage in a very humorous way. He said that Charlotte is more stupid than his daughter.
Charlotte and Mr. Collins get married and they go to hang ford, where Collins lives and works, and where Lady Catherine is where is living near this place.
A certain quick changes happen to the two families.
Bingley and Darcy are going to London and spend all the winter there .miss Bingley sends a letter to Jane .this letter shows her nature. . Miss Bingley’s spite only increases when she notices that Darcy, whom she is pursuing, pays quite a bit of attention to Elizabeth.
The reaction to the letter shows the difference between Elizabeth and Jane. Elizabeth is convinced that Bingley's sister has conspired with Darcy to separate Jane and Bingley.
Jane is very sad, she likes Bingley and he will not return .she is about to lose the man that she loves. While Elizabeth is practical and rational she doesn’t accept it easy.
Jane is very innocent, she accepts everybody as they are, she never tries to analyze things, and she doesn’t suspect people.
Elizabeth is more intelligent than Jane .she is able to understand Collins better than her sister Jane.
Jane removes to London and staying there .she writes a letter to miss Bingley to meet her but for three weeks there is no answer from her .then she receives a letter in a formal way ,and she knows that she doesn’t want to meet her.
Most of the themes in this novel are about a social interaction and the marriage proposal.
Wickham is starting to attention to different young lady in the same village .the young lady is just inherit money. He cares a lot about money .this is the idea of marry for the reason of money .but he doesn’t marry her.
The theme of the action is moved .Lady Catherin orders Charlotte and advises her. She expects that everyone should follow her advice.
Elizabeth can see this and refuses her order and advices. She can stop her interference.
-note: chapter 34, 35, 36.are very important.
Darcy and Elizabeth see each other. Elizabeth all the time has misunderstanding of Mr. Darcy for many reasons.
Elizabeth is angry off because Jane in London is writing letters, and in her letters she discovers that there is nothing between her and Bingley.
Darcy has changed his mind about Elizabeth, but she has no clue that this has happened. So when Darcy tries to pay her some sort of attention by following her around and eavesdropping on her conversations, she thinks that he's making fun of her. It never occurs to her that he's trying to find a way to make a move on her, so she's mean to him.
Then Darcy explains his feelings to Elizabeth, but his proposal is not in very correct way .he is a man very much in love, but Elizabeth is angry because Darcy has been the reason of breaking the affair between Jane and Bingley.
Her response was very strong .she tells him that he is bad man .Darcy is shocked and he can't answer her.
The most serious crime she accuses him is Jane and Bingley and the second is because of Wickham.
The next day Darcy sends her a letter telling her that he will go away to London. (This is the device of the letter as a narrative technique)
This letter is an explanation and this is the more reason why critics said that (Jane Austen, is a novelist but sometimes the way she is constructing the novel is similar to the way the play writers do.)
Elizabeth reads the explanation and she understands the truth .she is very shamed of her behavior.
The letter
Darcy apologizes in his letter, he knows that he is self confident, comes out of a respectable family, but he has done nothing wrong.
He is very surprised for her answer, for her opinion of him and her negative feelings against him .he wants to explain the two points: about her sister and about Wickham affair.
He told Bingley about Jane that she a very sweet natured, very kind, and a beautiful young lady. But her family is not suitable .they are not respectable relatives to the Bingley family. He apologizes that he should not interfere, it is not his business, but he is not a lair, he didn’t say anything wrong.
He explains to her that she is under a major mistake; he doesn’t leave her for any reason.
Although Wickham is an attractive man, but he deceives everybody. Maybe people are very charmed of him and he is deceived by him.
But Wickham father is very honest man ,he takes care of Darcy's family business .everybody respects him ,so Darcy's father decided to help his son Wickham .Later on ,the two fathers are died few months ago. And after the death of his father, Darcy intends to carry out his father's will.
Wickham prefers to study low .he agrees to give him money to study in London.
Of course, Wickham doesn’t want to study anything, he just takes the money to enjoy himself in London.
After some years Darcy discovers that Wickham is cunning, and he will not allow him to have a job.
The young man is very angry.
Darcy has a young sister about fifteen years old .she has just finished the school. She wants to study in London .Wickham takes her address and visits her and tries to have an affair with her. Somebody tells Darcy about this. He goes and put an end to this situation.
Wickham wants to revenge on Darcy, so if he marries Darcy's sister there will be double benefits .he will revenge on Darcy, and he will win the money.
This situation is very sensitive .Wickham knows that his plane didn’t succeed, but he knows that Darcy will not be able to tell anyone about what happened, because he wants to protect the reputation of his sister.
After reading the letter, Elizabeth feels very ashamed; she will have a chance to meet Darcy and to apologize to him.
The situation will develop in another direction.
تتمة المحاضرة

[رحلة عمر]

تتمة المحاضرة

The sentimental journey

In this novel we are very much interested in the narrative technique.
Yorick is an English man .he decides to go journey to France and Italy. He writes about his journey, the people he met, the places he visited.
The novel begins in the middle of the conversation .Yorick and a man is talking. Two English men are talking together.
This way is a new way of writing. It is a modern way because people now are doing this.
The writer has a very fashionable technique in writing this novel.
In the first paragraph, there is no sentence, there is a fragment.
The two English men are talking about something we don’t know. They are making comparison about people in England and people in France.
People go by ship from Dover (an English port) to Calais (a French port).
He will go to Dover and reach Calais in the morning.
This behavior is a much companioned behavior. It doesn’t only describe the character of Yorick; it even describes the tall of the novel in general.
The novel gives a very close sense. The tone of this novel is very sentimental.
He actually goes to France, and at three o'clock he is in France, he is eating dinner meal of chicken. In France, there is a very strange custom. If you are a traveler to France, and die there, all your things will be the property of the government. It will not return to your family.
We have a third person narrator as a narrative technique. He talks in a very friendly tone .he is very companion whether in his way of writing or behavior. He is writing a travelogue, he talks about strange customs.
The story is very progressive, the man was in England, and then he is in France. The novel is a progressive digressions .it means that to tell another idea or story, but to return to the main story.
The man is traveling and narrating his journey, but while he is narrating the main story, he gives association ideas which he remembers a certain things while talking.
The novel is a travelogue and sentimental novel.
The end
Second year prose
No.9 Dr. Maha
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A Sentimental Journey

Thin novel is a travelogue and sentimental journey and it has a narrative technique.
Yorick is the narrator and the main character. He lives a realistic journey through France and Italy. He writes about the real places he visits and the real people he meets.
The whole story can be considered as a fragment. It starts in the middle of the sentence, we have a dialogue between yorick and another person, and they are talking about something we don’t know. Then there is the journey. The end of the novel also ends in the middle of the sentence .we are never told how it ends. We also don’t have a certain events.
Nobody did this before him, he was the first author to do this, and during the last 60 years, in our modern age, authors start to imitate this way of writing. And in some modern novels there are two different endings.
That is why Laurence is called modern author, although he lived in the 18th century.
The novel starts with the unknown person talking about unknown topic. Then he makes his decision to travel to France.
In his journey he talks about different customs because he is writing travelogue.
The sentimental novel doesn’t deal with sentiments only, it also deals with other sentiments like charity, religion……..
The monk
We find an episode called the monk. The monk wants some money to give them to the poor. Yorick said that he is a selfish man and refuses to give him the money .but after the monk goes away, yorick feels ashamed of himself. But after sometime we return to the same episode. He meets the monk again, he will be totally different. First because he feels sorry not to give him the money, and during the time between the first and the second meeting with the monk, yorick falls in love with a young lady. He falls in love very quickly as if he known her all his life.
When the lady is with him he decides to give the monk something, he gives him a snuff box which is very expensive.
He decides to exchange his snuff box with the monk's box.
This exchange shows the moral lesson that he learns, which shows the importance of travel. It learns charity and gives moral lessons.
Here there is the sentiment of charity and the sentiment of self blame.
The Desobligeant
It is a French word means carriage that holds only one person.
Yorick rents it to move from one place to another.
The Remise door
Yorick meets a young French lady; the sister of the count .she is staying in the same inn with him.
The inn keeper helps them to meet, and in the remise door they are holding their hands. He talks a lot about this hand holding which is a sentimental act.
Amiens
It is a French city. While yorick in this city, he has a number of episodes.
This lady is supposed to be travelling in a journey, but her journey will go to another place. He feels sorry because he will miss her. He feels more sorry because the lady has some conflict, miserable, and she suffers a lot.
He decides to make digression with her journey to hear her story. This shows the digression of a narrative technique.
He speaks about a beautiful woman in a very sentimental way. He wants to share her sense of misery and suffering.
He wants to spend all the night beside her to wipe here tears with his handkerchief .he enjoys suffering and tears which is a sentimental behavior.
He doesn’t care the identity of his beloved, he only likes being in love .he loves for the aim of being in love, and this is a very sentimental episode.
The gloves
Yorick reaches Paris, he likes walking in the evening .he is walking around, and he doesn’t care where. He wants someone to help him in the directions. He asks a beautiful lady to help him. She is working in the shop, he admires her beauty, and she tells him about the direction. He thanks her, but again he asks her to repeat because he can't focus because of her beauty, she doesn’t care and thanks him. She is the wife of the shop owner who is not jealous at all .he is not angry of yorick.
The situation is a sentiment, but it is also about the French people, they are not jealous as the English people.
The passport
Versalles
We find that in the 18th century you can travel without a passport, but England was in war, it is a serious problem at that time in England to travel without passport.
While yorick was in the ship, he discovers that doesn't have his passport. A French count helps him, but he can't stay in Paris, he is very optimistic. he walks in the streets of Paris ,he goes to the book shop ,he wants to buy some books, but he can't because the books are sold to the count ,who is advised to see him if he has any problem .
Yorick decides to go to him, and then he introduces himself to the count. The count thinks that he is the same yorick in Hamlet, Shakespeare's play. This shows that the French people are not intelligent like the English people.
In the travelogue, there should be a comment on the customs and nature of people.
The mystery
Paris
It talks about the human nature. It is a philosophical reflection on the human nature .the difference between the nature of man and the nature of woman.
Yorick is in the street, he watched a beggar, who is talking only with women, whatever she is, and the woman gives him some money, he never tries to talk with any man.
Yorick is puzzled with this .afterwards he meets this beggar again and asks him about the reason of this behavior. The answer was one word, flattering, woman likes to be flattered.
Here he comments on the woman nature.
The case of conscience
Here he comments on the nature of the French people.
Yorick moves to another inn, the inn keeper comes to him and he was very angry with him and asks him to leave his room.
Yorick is surprised at this behavior. The inn keeper pretends to be defending honor, reputation, the good name of his hotel.

He tells him that he allows a girl to enter his room for two hours .yorick thinks that he allows this seller to enter in the evening .she wants to sell him something.
Then he discovers that the inn keeper is not honor as he pretends to be .he is angry because the girl didn’t give him money ,he tells him that he is able to send girl to his room if he want.
The inn keeper want to share with her the money ,he thinks wrongly about the situation ,the girl only wants to show him goods to sell.
The inn keeper does not care for honor, he only cares for money. He allows the guests to do anything for a sum of money.
Here we have a negative comment on the French morals French people has no morals or values.
The fragment
Also we have an important fragment, the novel starts in the middle of the sentence and we don’t know the origin of the dialogue, and it ends in the middle of the sentence, this makes fragment.
But here in this story, there is a different fragment .it helps to show us two main things, this novel is in a scene of fragment, and the other thing is the theme of digression.
What is more interesting is that the digression again is a fragment.
It is a complete digression story; it starts in the middle and ends in the middle.
We have the fragment of the story about a notary and his wife.
This story is a fragment because it starts from the middle of the story and we reach the end, we don’t know what happened.
One day Yorick told his servant ,le fleur ,that he doesn’t want to leave the inn ,he sends him to bring some food .between the items he brings there is a butter ,and on the butter there is a piece of paper which is written in old French .yorick decides to translate it .this fragment starts also from the middle .
The notary has a violent, angry wife. They are quarrelling together. The notary leaves the house.
While he is walking he hears a sound of an old man .the old man asks his servant to go and bring a notary, he wants to write his will. The notary enters the house and introduces himself.
The old man doesn’t have any money or property, but he has a story, he will give it to the notary because he hasn't family, and if the notary publishes it he will become very wealthy.
We don’t know what the strange story is. Or what is the cause of the quarrel between the notary and his wife.
This is a real fragment, it is very important also because it is a mixture of the whole novel fragment.
The case of delicacy
Yorick is staying in the inn , the night is very cold .the inn keeper enters his room and told him that a lady and her servant will stay with him in his room ,there is no empty rooms .the room has two beds ,it is not big and it is very cold .
He accepts, they have dinner together then they go to bed.
They have a contract they no one should speak any word at night, or he will leave the room.
Yorick can't sleep all the night, he says (oh my god).the lady asks him to leave the room .it was very dark, he can't say anything.
When he stretches his hand he holds the fille de chamber.
The story ends here.
The author leaves us to imagine what will happen later.
The modern ****s writers which leave you to imagine and they didn’t give the whole story.





The end
.

[رحلة عمر]

10محاضرة

Short comparison between the two novels:

The two novels are different from each others. Jane Austen's novel is a traditional and ordinary novel. It has a beginning, end, characters, theme, plot….

But Laurence is not conventional at all. He wrote a very new sort of novels. He was the head of his time .but, nowadays, in the 20th century many people imitates his style.

Complement of pride and Prejudice plot

Chapter 42 talks about Elizabeth's reflection and the character of her father and mother.

Chapter 43 we have an important journey to Pemberley, where Darcy lives.

Chapter 46two letters written from Jane to Elizabeth.

Chapter 47 the reflection of Elizabeth on Lydia's sense of honor and virtue. A very foolish letter written by Lydia to her friend.

Chapter 52is a very important; it includes a letter from Mrs. Gardian to Elizabeth and the happy ending.

. The plot is progressive moving from point in the plot to another.

The reaction of Elizabeth at Darcy's proposal, and how he is shocked to hear her talking positively about him. This point is the climax of the plot.

Elizabeth, after reading the letter she shamed of herself, she is very wrong in dealing with Darcy, she loses him .she thinks that he will not love her again.

This is the beginning of the turning point.

Elizabeth's reaction about that domestic happiness and about her father and mother.

Domestic is word reflects Austen's way of writing. she writes about limited things .she said that she I don’t like to write about things that I don’t know , I write about what I really know .

The writer concerns with domestic issues

Elizabeth follows the advice of Darcy, he told her in his letter that he wants her to be objected, and to think about people.

The effect of reading the letter is a point of turning away .she has a different attitude towards her family. She thinks that her father is not better than her mother, his choice to marry her mother was wrong.

He married her for her beauty and didn’t care about her mind or being silly. Later on, she becomes older. She loses her beauty, but she is still foolish and silly.

Here we have the role mother and the theme of ignore.

When Austen tries to criticize something, she uses the role mother .all the time in this novel there is the theme about the value of having a role mother.

If the mother is a different mother, her daughters will be different daughters. Lydia does something foolish because she imitates her mother. She is a picture of her mother.

Elizabeth knows that Darcy respects her, and he sees that her family is not respectable.

Those people have nothing to do except to go journeys, and to make social visits .and she is the social activities.

Mr. and Mrs. Guardian, Elizabeth's aunt, are wise people. They took Jane with them as a visitor for six months.

They decide to take Elizabeth for a journey to a wonderful lake in England. But Mr. Guardian discovers that he can't go for a long journey because he has job. They should choose a nearer place.

Accidently they choose to go to Pemberley, a place where Darcy lives. Elizabeth’s visit to Pemberley constitutes a critical step in her progress toward marrying Darcy.

They visit a certain place, a palace with its wonderful garden surrounding it, the nice pictures on the walls, and the beautiful furniture .Mrs. Gardian wants to visit this place because she wants to remember her childhood.

They enter the palace, and Elizabeth sees the picture of Darcy and his family .she thinks that if she accepted the proposal of Darcy, she would have been the lady of this palace.

The servants praise this family and Darcy; also the people in the town speak a lot about the kindness of Darcy and his family. Even the farmer says that Darcy is a very kind gentleman and land lord, he helps poor people.

All these people express their honest opinion.

This will give us a good account of Darcy's character.

At the same time Elizabeth and her aunt discover that Wickham is totally different. The hose keeper knew Darcy and Wickham since they were children; she had one good natured boy and one bad natured boy.

The people say that Wickham flittered the women in the town and he was in debt and when he went to London he take the money without returning them .he has no sense of honor.

What is said about Darcy and Wickham makes Elizabeth more angry of herself and more ashamed of her behavior with Darcy.

Elizabeth has unexpected romantic meeting with Darcy.

He can't believe his eyes to see Elizabeth in his town and in his house.

Darcy changed from Elizabeth's point of view. He is very pleasant, he is trying to be very kind with her family, and he even invites them to dinner.

Elizabeth is a mixture between happiness and despair .she is happy to meet Darcy, at the same time she thinks that he is doing so just because he is a gentleman; he will never love her again.

Elizabeth meets Bingley, who does not mention Jane's name, but indirectly he is asking about her, she knows that he will marry her sister. She also discovers that Caroline is the total layer, she suspects him.
There are two letters written at the same day from Jane, the first one is a short note, because she was in hurry and can't finish it .then she writes the second one and sends them together. She sends very bad news that Lydia run away with Wickham .Lydia didn’t care that she will ruin her family's name.
The whole family is destroyed and they decide to finish their vacation.
Darcy asks about the reason of their sudden departure, he knows from Elizabeth what happened. Darcy immediately blames himself for not exposing Wickham and Elizabeth blames herself for the same reason. She decides to return home immediately. After an apology to Darcy and his sister for breaking their dinner engagement, Elizabeth and the Gardiners hasten back to the Bennet home in Longbourn.
Mrs., Bannet is sick in her bed room, and she doesn't want to meet any person .it appears that Mrs. Bannet is changed and wakeup, but in fact nothing is changed at all. Mr. Gardiner follows Mr. Bennet to London and writes to Longbourn a few days later with the news that the search has been unsuccessful so far. He reports that Mr. Bennet is now going to every hotel in turn looking for the couple.Mr. Gardiner writes to tell him that Wickham and Lydia have been found and that Wickham will marry.
And they will visit the family.
Mrs. Bannet is very happy that one of her daughters will marry, she asks about the wedding dress.
Lydia and Wickham arrive, she has no sense of being guilty, and no sense of honor .she is like her mother.
-Elizabeth's reflection about Lydia's sense of honor and virtue is related to the idea of role mother.
The novel in general is humorous .but when Austen criticizes the family we find some sorrow and sadness between lines.
When Lydia and Wickham escape, Elizabeth suspects that she has a sense of honor and virtue, she thinks that she will stay with him without marriage. She is very sad although her aunt tries to calm her.
There is a certain sadness, all about Lydia , she and her mother are the main responsible for this sadness .Lydia sends a foolish letter to an old friend , when Elizabeth sees the letter she says that Lydia is hopeless .One morning while sitting with Jane and Elizabeth, Lydia describes her wedding and mentions that Darcy was in the church. Elizabeth is amazed and sends a letter to Mrs. Gardiner asking for details.
Mrs. Gardiner replies to Elizabeth that it was Darcy who found Lydia and Wickham, and Darcy who paid Wickham the money that facilitated the marriage .Darcy had a past experience with Wickham who tried to seduce his sister. He spoke with Wickham and Lydia and did his best to save the family's reputation from destruction. She drops hints that Darcy did so because of his love for Elizabeth. Elizabeth’s surprise is great, and she is unsure whether to be upset or pleased.
Darcy and Bingley visit the family, Mrs. Baneet receives Bingley with smiles and great hospitality, but she behaves roundly with Darcy.
Elizabeth is very ashamed of her mother, but she will not explain anything about Darcy's character, she is hopeless of her mother.
The story ends happily with double wedding. Darcy and Elizabeth, Bingley and Jane.
Wickham was not faithful with his wife.
Every one gets what he deserves.
Elizabeth and Jane leave away from their family.
Kitty is like a follower of Lydia, lives with Elizabeth and Jane .she starts to change because she leaves her mother.
While Mary is still live in her family's house. And she still reading books and visits her neighbors. No one will compare her again with her sisters.
We can say at the end that everyone takes what he deserves.





The end

[رحلة عمر]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة هويآن

رحله عمر أنا مو e

بس عجبني تعاونك


سلمتي

شكلك مضيعه بالموضوع..!!:t1:
مها سلام +نثر يعني قسم انجليزي

والله يسسلمك يآرب