[ مذاكرة جماعية ] : مجلس مذاكرة الأدب الأمريكي

[totayah]

Lecture 4
American realism

1-American realism was an early …… century idea in art, music and literature?
An early 20th century


2- American realism showed through these different types of work ……of the time period?
Reflections


3- Whether it was a cultural portrayal, or a scenic view of downtown New York City, these images and works of literature,music and painting depicted a?
Contemporary view of what was happening; an attempt at defining what was real


4- Realism in American Literature was during the period?
1860-1890


5- In American literature, the term"realism" encompasses the period of time from?
From the Civil War to the turn of the century


6- William Dean Howells, Rebecca Harding Davis, Henry James, Mark Twain,and others wrote?
Fiction during the American Realism period


7- William Dean Howells, Rebecca Harding Davis, Henry James, Mark Twain,and others wrote fiction devoted to?
Accurate representation and an exploration of American lives in various contexts


8- What provided a fertile environment for literary readers interested in understanding these rapid shifts in American culture was?
the United States grew rapidly after the Civil War*
the increasing rates of democracy and literacy*
the rapid growth in industrialism and urbanization*
an expanding population base due to immigration*
a relative rise in middle-class affluence*


9- In drawing attention to this connection, Amy Kaplan has called realism a?

strategy for imagining and managing the threats of social change" (Social Construction of American (Realism ix

10- Who called realism as a "strategy for imagining and managing the threats of social change"?
Amy Kaplan


11- (Social Construction of American Realism ix), written by Amy Kaplan,considered realism a "strategy for imagining and managing the threats of……….change"?
Social change


12-Realism was a movement that encompassed the entire country, or at least the?
Midwest and South


13- Many of the writers and critics associated with realism (notably W.D. Howells) were based in?
New England


14- Among the Midwestern writers considered realists would be?
Joseph Kirkland, E. W. Howe, and Hamlin Garland; the Southern writer John W. DeForest


15- "Miss Ravenal's Conversion from Secession to Loyalty " was written by the Southern writer?
John W. DeForest


16- "Miss Ravenal's Conversion from Secession to Loyalty" is often considered a?
A realist novel


17- American Realism began as?
A reaction to and a rejection of Romanticism, with its emphasis on emotion, imagination, and the individual


18- The American Realism began as early as the?
1830's


19- The American Realism reached prominence and held sway from the end of?
The Civil War to around the end of the nineteenth century


20- The American Realism movement was centered in?
Fiction, particularly the novel


21- The American Realism attempted?
Fidelity to real life, or "actuality," inits representation


22-The realist concerns himself with the?
Here and now


23-The realist concerns himself with the here and now, centering his work in?
His own time, dealing with common-place everyday events and people, and with the socio-political climate of his day


24-Common Themes and Elements in Realism are?
Pragmatism*
literature of the common-place*
attempts to represent real life*
ordinary people--poor and middle class*
ordinary speech in dialect--use of vernacular*
recent or contemporary life*
subject matter presented in an unidealized,unsentimentalized way*
democratic function of literature*
social criticism--effect on audience is key*
presents indigenous American life*
importance of place--regionalism, "local color"*
sociology and psychology*

[Alessamh]

ماشاء الله تبارك الرحمن
بمشي مع أسئلتك أن شاء الله مرتبه وسلسه
الله يوفقك يارب ويسهل دربك

[سالم55]

الله يسهل عليك مثل ما سهلتي علينا... موفقة,,,,

[صقر حايل]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة totayah

Lecture 4
American realism

1-American realism was an early …… century idea in art, music and literature?
An early 20th century


2- American realism showed through these different types of work ……of the time period?
Reflections


3- Whether it was a cultural portrayal, or a scenic view of downtown New York City, these images and works of literature,music and painting depicted a?
Contemporary view of what was happening; an attempt at defining what was real


4- Realism in American Literature was during the period?
1860-1890


5- In American literature, the term"realism" encompasses the period of time from?
From the Civil War to the turn of the century


6- William Dean Howells, Rebecca Harding Davis, Henry James, Mark Twain,and others wrote?
Fiction during the American Realism period


7- William Dean Howells, Rebecca Harding Davis, Henry James, Mark Twain,and others wrote fiction devoted to?
Accurate representation and an exploration of American lives in various contexts


8- What provided a fertile environment for literary readers interested in understanding these rapid shifts in American culture was?
the United States grew rapidly after the Civil War*
the increasing rates of democracy and literacy*
the rapid growth in industrialism and urbanization*
an expanding population base due to immigration*
a relative rise in middle-class affluence*


9- In drawing attention to this connection, Amy Kaplan has called realism a?

strategy for imagining and managing the threats of social change" (Social Construction of American (Realism ix

10- Who called realism as a "strategy for imagining and managing the threats of social change"?
Amy Kaplan


11- (Social Construction of American Realism ix), written by Amy Kaplan,considered realism a "strategy for imagining and managing the threats of……….change"?
Social change


12-Realism was a movement that encompassed the entire country, or at least the?
Midwest and South


13- Many of the writers and critics associated with realism (notably W.D. Howells) were based in?
New England


14- Among the Midwestern writers considered realists would be?
Joseph Kirkland, E. W. Howe, and Hamlin Garland; the Southern writer John W. DeForest


15- "Miss Ravenal's Conversion from Secession to Loyalty " was written by the Southern writer?
John W. DeForest


16- "Miss Ravenal's Conversion from Secession to Loyalty" is often considered a?
A realist novel


17- American Realism began as?
A reaction to and a rejection of Romanticism, with its emphasis on emotion, imagination, and the individual


18- The American Realism began as early as the?
1830's


19- The American Realism reached prominence and held sway from the end of?
The Civil War to around the end of the nineteenth century


20- The American Realism movement was centered in?
Fiction, particularly the novel


21- The American Realism attempted?
Fidelity to real life, or "actuality," inits representation


22-The realist concerns himself with the?
Here and now


23-The realist concerns himself with the here and now, centering his work in?
His own time, dealing with common-place everyday events and people, and with the socio-political climate of his day


24-Common Themes and Elements in Realism are?
Pragmatism*
literature of the common-place*
attempts to represent real life*
ordinary people--poor and middle class*
ordinary speech in dialect--use of vernacular*
recent or contemporary life*
subject matter presented in an unidealized,unsentimentalized way*
democratic function of literature*
social criticism--effect on audience is key*
presents indigenous American life*
importance of place--regionalism, "local color"*
sociology and psychology*

جزاك الله الفردوس.

[totayah]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة Alessamh

ماشاء الله تبارك الرحمن
بمشي مع أسئلتك أن شاء الله مرتبه وسلسه
الله يوفقك يارب ويسهل دربك

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة سالم55

الله يسهل عليك مثل ما سهلتي علينا... موفقة,,,,

آمين و اياكم أجمعين

[totayah]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة صقر حايل

جزاك الله الفردوس.

آمين و اياك.. دمت برضى الله وإحسانه

[totayah]

Lecture 5
Naturalism
American Naturalism in Literature
(part (1

1- American literary naturalism is a literary movement that?
Became popular in late-nineteenth-century in America

2- American literary naturalism is often associated with?
Literary realism

3- The term naturalism was initially coined by?
Emile Zola, the renowned French author

4- Emile Zola, the renowned French author is credited as?
A key figure in the development of French literary naturalism

5- In the late nineteenth century, the literary movement became popular all over?
Europe,from England to Russia

6- American writers were particularly influenced by?
The British and French models

7- American writers were particularly influenced by the British and French models and began to adapt the?
The form to reflect American social, economic, and cultural conditions

8- Viewed as a combination of realism and romanticism, critics contend that the American form is heavily influenced by the concept of?
Determinism

9- Determinism is?
The theory that heredity and environment influence determine human behavior

10- Although naturalism is often associated with realism, which also seeks to accurately represent human existence, the two movements are differentiated by?
The fact that naturalism is connected to the doctrine of biological, economic, and social determinism

11- Naturalism is connected to the doctrine of biological, economic, and social determinism. This fact reflects?
The difference between naturalism and realism

12- In their short fiction, ………….. writers strive to depict life accurately through an exploration of the causal factors that have shaped a character's life as well as a deterministic approach to the character's thoughts and actions?
Naturalist

13- A naturalist depicts a character's actions as determined by?
Environmental forces

14- American literary naturalism came to the forefront of popular literature during a time of?
Tremendous cultural and economic upheaval in the United States

15- In the late nineteenth century a number of factors resulted in extreme changes on the American landscape, these factors are?
Industrialization,urbanization, mechanization, and an influx of immigrants from all over the world

16- The short fiction of American literary naturalism depicts the experiences of impoverished and uneducated people living in?
Squalor and struggling to survive in a harsh, indifferent world

17-Major thematic concerns of the form include?
*the fight for survival—man against nature and man against society
*violence
*the consequences of sex and sex as a commodity
*the waste of individual potential because of the conditioning forces of life
*and man's struggle with his animalistic base instincts

18- One of the major thematic concerns also is the waste of individual potential because of?
The conditioning forces of life

19- As a result, the short stories of this literary movement are often regarded as?
Depressing,slice-of-life documentations of sad, unfulfilled lives

20- A handful of significant American authors, such as Stephen Crane, Theodore Dreiser, and Frank Norris,utilized the form, which noticeably declined in popularity by the?
Early 20th century

21- The term naturalism describes a type of Literature that attempts to?
apply scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to its study of human beings

22- Unlike realism,which focuses on literary technique, naturalism implies a?
Philosophical position
23- For naturalistic writers, since human beings are, in Emile Zola's phrase, "human beasts," characters can be studied through their?
Relationships to their surroundings

24- Other influences on American naturalists include?
Herbert Spencer and Joseph LeConte
25- Naturalistic writers believed that the laws behind the forces that govern human lives might be?
Studied and understood

26- Naturalistic writers thus used a version of the ……….method to write their novels?
Scientific

27- Naturalists studied human beings governed by their instincts and passions ……….the ways in which the characters' lives were governed by forces of heredity and environment?
as well as

28- Naturalists used the techniques of accumulating detail pioneered by?
The realists

29- Naturalists had a………..object in mind when they chose the segment of reality that they wished to convey?
Specific

30- In George Becker's famous and much-annotated and contested phrase, naturalism's philosophical framework can be simply described as?
"pessimistic materialistic determinism"

[totayah]

Lecture 5
Naturalism
American Naturalism in Literature
(part (2

31- The naturalistic novel usually contains?

Two tensions or contradictions

32- The naturalistic novel usually contains two tensions or contradictions, and the two in conjunction comprise both an interpretation of?

Experience and a particular aesthetic recreation of experience

33- The naturalistic novel usually contains two tensions or contradictions, and the two in conjunction comprise both an interpretation of experience and a particular aesthetic recreation of experience in other words, the two constitute the?

Theme and form of the naturalistic novel

34- The first tensions that between the subject matter of the naturalistic novel and?

The concept of man which emerges from this subject matter

35- The naturalist populates his novel primarily from?

The lower middle class or the lower class

36- Naturalist fictional world is that of the?

Common place and unheroic in which life would seem to be chiefly the dull round of daily existence

37- But the naturalist discovers in this world those qualities of man usually associated with?

The heroic or adventurous

38- A naturalistic novel is thus……….of realism?

An extension

39- A naturalistic novel is thus an extension of realism only in the sense that both modes often deal with?

The local and contemporary

40- The naturalist,however, discovers in this material the……….And…….in human nature?

Extraordinary and excessive

41- The second tension involves?

Theme of the naturalistic novel

42- The naturalist often describes his characters as though they are conditioned and controlled by?

Environment,heredity, instinct, or chance

43- But he also suggests a compensating …………….. in his characters or their fates which affirms the significance of the individual and of his life?

Humanistic value

44- The tension here is that between the naturalist's desire to represent in fiction the?

*new,discomfiting truths which he has found in the ideas

*life of his late nineteenth-century world

*his desire to find some meaning in experience which reasserts the validity of the human enterprise

45- Characters in naturalistic literature are?

*frequently but not invariably ill-educated or lower-class characters

*whose lives are governed by the forces of heredity,instinct, and passion

*Those whose their attempts at exercising free will or choice are hamstrung by forces beyond their control

46- Setting in naturalism is frequently…….. setting, as in
Norris's McTeague?

An urban

47- Walcutt says that the naturalistic novel offers "clinical, panoramic, slice-of-life"drama that is often a "chronicle of despair". This description is in regard of talking about?

Techniques and plots

48- Walcutt identifies survival, determinism, violence, and taboo as?

Key themes in naturalism

49- Themes in naturalism?

*The"brute within" each individual, composed of strong and often warring emotions

*The forces of heredity and environment as they affect--and afflict--individual lives

*Nature as an indifferent force acting on the lives of human beings

*An indifferent, deterministic universe

50- The conflict in naturalistic novels is often?

"man against nature" or "man against himself"

51- The conflict in naturalistic novels is often "man against nature" or"man against himself" as characters struggle to retain a?

"veneer of civilization"

52- One of the themes of naturalism is that nature is considered as…….force acting on the lives of human beings?

An indifferent force

53-The romantic vision of Wordsworth—that" nature…..?

"nature never did betray the heart that loved her"

54- "This tower was a giant, standing with its back to the plight of the ants…" this represent the view of?

Stephen Crane's view in "The Open Boat"

55- An indifferent,deterministic universe. Naturalistic texts often describe the futile attempts of human beings to exercise free will, often ironically presented, in this universe that reveals free will as?

An illusion

56- One of the practitioner of naturalism is……….who wrote “The House of Mirth” (1905)?

Edith Wharton

57- One of the practitioner of naturalism is……….who wrote “Barren Ground” (1925)?

Ellen Glasgow

58- One of the practitioner of naturalism is……….who wrote "The Big Money" (1936)?

John Dos Passos

59- One of the practitioner of naturalism is……….who wrote "Studs Lonigan" (1934)?

James T.Farrell

60- One of the practitioner of naturalism is……….who wrote "The Grapes of Wrath" (1939)?

John Steinbeck

61- One of the practitioner of naturalism is……….who wrote "Native Son" (1940), "Black Boy" (1945)?

Richard Wright

62- One of the practitioner of naturalism is……….who wrote "The Naked and the Dead"(1948)?

Norman Mailer

63- Other writers sometimes identified as naturalists?

*Sherwood Anderson, "Winesburg,Ohio" (1919)

*Abraham Cahan, "The Making of an American Citizen"

*Kate Chopin; “The Awakening”

*Rebecca Harding Davis

*William Faulkner

*Henry Blake Fuller, "The Cliff-Dwellers"

*Hamlin Garland, "Rose of Dutcher's Coolly"

*Robert Herrick, "The Memoirs of an American Citizen" (1905)

*Ernest Hemingway

*E. W.Howe, "The Story of a Country Town"

[سالم55]

thank you very much,indeed
you have been a great help,,,
I wish you all the best,,,

[Loony]

لو سمحتوا صبايا أحد عندها الملزمة بخط كبير شوي 14 مثلا اللي عندي 11 صغير مرة
أبغاهم بدون ترجمة اللي عندي edited by Susan

وأدب الأطفال كمان وما عليكم امر