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E6 English Literature Students Level six Forum |
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ÃÏæÇÊ ÇáãæÖæÚ |
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#11 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÐåÜÈÜí
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ÑÏ: ÊÚÇáæ äÔÑÍ áÈÚÖ ÇáäÍæ æÇáÕÑÝ
ÇáãÇÏå Íáæå ÈÓ ÇáÑæáÒ ßËíÑå æÊÖíÚ
ÇÔÑÍæ ãÚßã ÇäÇ ãæÝÞíä |
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#12 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ãÜÔÜÇÑß
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ÑÏ: ÊÚÇáæ äÔÑÍ áÈÚÖ ÇáäÍæ æÇáÕÑÝ
ßãããããããããããããáæÇ Çááå íÓÚÏÏßã
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#13 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí äÜÜÔÜØ
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ÑÏ: ÊÚÇáæ äÔÑÍ áÈÚÖ ÇáäÍæ æÇáÕÑÝ
æíäßã ÊßÝææææææææææææä ßãáæÇ
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#14 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÐåÜÈÜí
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ÑÏ: ÊÚÇáæ äÔÑÍ áÈÚÖ ÇáäÍæ æÇáÕÑÝ
...mlak
ÑÈí íÓÚÏß ÎíÊææ ßÝíÊí æ æÝíÊí |
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#15 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÐåÜÈÜí
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ÑÏ: ÊÚÇáæ äÔÑÍ áÈÚÖ ÇáäÍæ æÇáÕÑÝ
åÐÇ ÇáãØáæÈ ãä ÇáãÍÇÖÑå ÇáËÇäíå
ÇáãÍÇÖÑå(2) 1-Lexical Words æÇáÇÑÈÚ ÝÆÇÊ ÇáÑÆíÓíå )nouns-lexical verbs-adj-adverbs) 2-ÇáÝÑÞ Èíä Lexical verbs ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑÇÊ åÐí Çááí ÝíåÇ Morphological-Syntactic-Semantic_______ááÞÑÇÁÉ ÝÞØ íÞæá ããßä ÇÌíÈ ÈÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ ßáãÊíä æÇÞæá Çí äæÚ ãËÇá Slow-fast æíÌíÈ ÇáÎíÇÑÇÊ ÇáÊÇáíå (noun-adj-adverb) ØÈÚÇ ÇáÇÌÇÈå adj Quickly—adver Choose-play(lexicalverb-lexical noun-lexical adj) Write-choose(lexical verb-primary verb) æÔÑÍ Ôäæ Çá primary verb Çááí íßæä Ýíå (be,have and do) ÈÇÎÐ Ìæáå ÓÑíÚå ÚáíåÇ æÈÑÌÚ áßã ÈÇÐä Çááå |
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#16 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí äÜÜÔÜØ
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ÑÏ: ÊÚÇáæ äÔÑÍ áÈÚÖ ÇáäÍæ æÇáÕÑÝ
ÇáÝ ÔßÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ æÇááå ãÊÍãÓå ãÚßã æÇÏÚíáßã ÈÓ ãÇÇÚÑÝ ÇÓÇÚÏßã
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#17 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÃáÜãÜÇÓÜí
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ÑÏ: ÊÚÇáæ äÔÑÍ áÈÚÖ ÇáäÍæ æÇáÕÑÝ
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ãÚáíÔ äÓíÊ äÞØå Ýí ÇáãÍÇÖÑå ÇáÃæáì Çááí åí ßæãÈÇæÏäÞ compounding .. Çááí åí ßáãÊíä ÊäÌãÚ ãÚ ÈÚÖ æÊßðæä ãÚäì Óåáå ÌÏÇ ..ÔæÝæÇ ÇáÃãËáå ÊÍÊ .. ÈÃÔÑÍ ÇáãËÇá ÇáÃæá : noun + noun : chair + man, girl + friend åäÇ äÇæä ãÚ äÇæä "ãËá ÔíÑ æãÇä ..íÚäí ßÑÓí æÑÌá ..áßä áæ ÌãÚäÇåã ãÚ ÈÚÖ ÔíÑãÇä ..ÕÇÑÊ ÈãÚäì ÑÆíÓ æåßÐÇ ÈÞíÉ ÇáÃãËáå.. - verb + noun : cook + book, guess + work - adjectives + nouns : blue + bird, flat + fish - [noun + adjective : head + long, water + tight ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ äÏÎá Ú ÇáãÍÇÖÑå ÇáËÇäíå : : Lexical Words There are four main classes of lexical words: nouns, lexical verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. : Nouns ÇáÃÓãÇÁ - Words such as book, girl, gold, information are common nouns. Words such as Sarah, Oslo, Microsoft (names) are proper nouns. Nouns have the following characteristics: : Lexical Verbs Words such as admit, build, choose, write are lexical verbs primary verbs : be, have and do multi-word verbs : and derived verbs : bring up, rely on, look forward to, itemize, soften ÃãËáå ÃÎÑì: You ate Chinese food ( has written a letter) ( will be writing tomorrow). ( He writes page after page about tiny details). ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ : Adjectives ÇáÕÝÇÊ Words such as dark, heavy, eager, and guilty are adjectives æíãßä Çä ÊáÍÞ ÇáÕÝÇÊ ÈáÇÍÞÇÊ ãËá "er æ dark ---- darker ---- darkest ) "est ) æíãßä Çä Êßæä ßáãÇÊ ãÚÞÏå ãËá : e.g. color-blind, home-made, ice-cold). æßÐáß ÊæÌÏ ÇÍíÇäÇ ßÕÝÇÊ ÑÆíÓå Ýí ÇáÌãáå ãËá : e.g. Tomorrow could be a sunny day) (predicative e.g. it is nice and warm in here. It‟s sunny). æíãßä Çä ÊÕÝ ÕÝÇÊ ÇáäÇÓ æÇáÃÔíÇÁ æÇáÌãÇÏÇÊ æÇáãÞÇÑäå : heavy box, he is guilty, the situation is serious heavier, very heavy, extremely serious. ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ : Adverbs ÇáÃÍæÇá Words such as now, there, usually, and finally are adverbs. Many adverbs are formed from adjectives by adding the suffix –ly: clearly, eagerly Others have no such ending: however, just. A few adverbs allow comparative and superlative forms like those for adjectives: soon --- sooner --- soonest; fast --- faster --- fastest Adverbs occur as head of adverb phrases: ( very noisily) ( more slowly than I had expected). Adverbs, with or without their own modifiers, are often used as modifiers of an adjective or another adverb: (really old) ( very soon). Otherwise, they can act as adverbials in the clause ( I‟ll see you soon again As modifiers, adverbs most often express the degree of a following adjective or adverb: ( totally wrong) ( right now). As elements of clauses ( adverbials), adverbs and adverb phrases have a wide range of meanings: - They can modify an action, process, or state, by expressing such notions as time, place, and manner. ( So I learner German quite quickly) ( She was here earlier today). - They can convey the speaker‟s or writer‟s attitude towards the information in the rest of the clause. ( Surely that child is not mine !). - They can express a connection with what was said earlier. ( It must be beautiful, though). ÎáÕÊ ÇáãÍÇÖÑå ÇáËÇäíå ..ÇáßáÇã Çáãáæä æÇááí Úáíå ÎØ åæ ÒÈÏÉ ÇáãæÖæÚ..ØÈÚÇ áÇÒã ÊÚÑÝæä ßíÝ ÊÝÑÞæä Èíä ÇáÃÓã æÇáÕÝå æÇáÍÇá..æÇäÇ ßÊÈÊ áßã ÌãíÚ ÇáÃãËÇá Çááí Ýí ÇáãÍÊæì..æÅä äÓíÊ Ôí ÝÃÚÐÑæäí ...áßä ÈÅÐä Çááå ÇäåÇ ÔÇãáå ............................... |
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#18 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÐåÜÈÜí
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ÑÏ: ÊÚÇáæ äÔÑÍ áÈÚÖ ÇáäÍæ æÇáÕÑÝ
1-Lexical Words æÇáÇÑÈÚ ÝÆÇÊ ÇáÑÆíÓíå
)nouns-lexical verbs-adj-adverbs) ÈÔÑÍ nouns 1/ common nouns ÇáÇÓãÇÁ ÇáãÔÊÑßå ãËá book , girl , gold 2/ proper nouns ÇáÇÓãÇÁ ÇáãÚÑæÝå ãËá sarah , Oslo , microsoft 3/ morphological ÇáãæÑÝæáæÌíå åäÇ íÚäí Çäæ ÇáÇÓãÇÁ áåÇ áÇÍÞÇÊ áÇÚÏÇÏ ÕíÛÉ ÇáÌãÚ ãËá one book , two books æÇíÖÇ Ýíå ÇÔíÇÁ áÇíãßä äÕíÛåÇ áÇÈÌãÚ æáÇ ÈÇÝÑÇÏ ãËá gold , information æíßæä ÇíÖÇ ÇáÇÓãÇÁ ÊÍÊæí Úáì ãæÑÝíã áÇßËÑ ãä æÇÍÏ ãËá ÇáÇÓãÇÁ ÇáãÑßÈå compound nouns ãËÇá ÚáíåÇ clothas+ line æÇíÖÇ ÇáÇÓãÇÁ ãÚ ÇáÇÍÞÇÊ [COLOR="rgb(153, 50, 204)"]derivational suffixes[/COLOR] ãËÇá ÚáíåÇ freind+ship , bright+ness 4/ syntactic ÇáäÍæíå íãßä Çä íßæä ÇáÇÓã ÑÇÓí Úáì ÇáÌãáå ãËÇá a new book about the cold war 5/ semantic ÇáÏáÇáíå åäÇ ÇáÇÔÇÑå Úáì ÇáÇÓãÇÁ ÇáãÍÏÏå æÇáãáãæÓå ãËÇá book , friend , iron æÇíÖÇ íãßä Çä ÊÏá Úáì ÇÓãÇÁ ÛíÑ ãáãæÓå æßíÇäÇÊ ãÌÑÏå apstract ãËÇá wish , freedom ÇÐÇ Ýíå Çí ÎØÇÁ Çæ ãáÇÍÙå ÈáíÒ Úáãæäí åÐÇ Çáí ÞÏÑÊ Úáíå æÈÇÐä Çááå ÑÇÍ Çßãá ÇáÈÇÞí lexical verbs -adj- adverbs |
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#19 |
ãÊãíÒÉ ÈÇáãÓÊæì ÇáÓÇÈÚ áÞÓã ÇáÅäÌáíÒí
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ÑÏ: ÊÚÇáæ äÔÑÍ áÈÚÖ ÇáäÍæ æÇáÕÑÝ
ãÇÔÇÇááå Úáííßã ,,ßÇä æÏí ÇÔÇÑß ãÚÇßã ÇáÍãÏááå ßãáÊ ÇáãÇÏå æÊÑÇ Óåáå
ÈÓ ÍÇíÓå ÈÊÑÌãÉ ÇáÇäãÇØ Êæäí ÈÈÏÇ ÝíåÇ æÊæäí ãßãáå äÙÑíÉ ÇáãÚÑÝå ÈÚÏ ãÇ ![]() |
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#20 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÝÜÚøÜÇá
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ÑÏ: ÊÚÇáæ äÔÑÍ áÈÚÖ ÇáäÍæ æÇáÕÑÝ
mlak ÑÈí íÓÚß æÌãíÚ ÇáÇ뾃 æÇáÎæÇÊ ÇÓÊãÑæÇ ÝåãÊ ÑÈí íÒíÏßã Úáã æãÚÑÝå
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ãæÇÞÚ ÇáäÔÑ (ÇáãÝÖáÉ) |
ÇáÐíä íÔÇåÏæä ãÍÊæì ÇáãæÖæÚ ÇáÂä : 1 ( ÇáÃÚÖÇÁ 0 æÇáÒæÇÑ 1) | |
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