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E4 English Literature Students Level Four Forum |
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ÃÏæÇÊ ÇáãæÖæÚ |
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#121 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÐåÜÈÜí
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ - ÞæÇÚÏ ÇáãäÙæãÉ ÇáäÍæíÉ - ÇáÇËäíä 10 / 3 / 1437åÜ
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#122 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÃáÜãÜÇÓÜí
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ - ÞæÇÚÏ ÇáãäÙæãÉ ÇáäÍæíÉ - ÇáÇËäíä 10 / 3 / 1437åÜ
ÇáãÔßáå Çä ÇáãäÊÏì íÚáÞ æ íÞÝá Úáì ßíÝå : ( Çæß ÈÍÇæá ÇÝåãåÇ æ ÇÈÓØåÇ Çä ÔÇÁÇááå
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#123 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÃáÜãÜÇÓÜí
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ - ÞæÇÚÏ ÇáãäÙæãÉ ÇáäÍæíÉ - ÇáÇËäíä 10 / 3 / 1437åÜ
A subordinate clauseis usually introduced by one of the following:
1. a subordinating conjunction, e.g. when or that 2. a relative pronoun, e.g. who, which, whose ØÈÚÇ åÇÐí ÇÏæÇÊ ÇáÑÈØ Çááí ÊÌí ÈÇáÌãá ÇáãÚÞÏå áÇÒã äÍÝÙ ãÓãíÇÊåÇ íÚäí a relative pronoun æ ÇíÔ íÊÈÚååÇ a subordinating conjunction æ ÇíÔ íÊÈÚåÇ ![]() • A clause can be subordinate by being able to doone of the following: 1. replace an NP in the main clause åäÇ íÞÕÏ ÇääÇ äÛíÑ ÇáÌãáå ÇáÇÓãíå æ äÑÈØåÇ ÈÃÏæÇÊ ÇáÑÈØ ÇáãæÌæÏå ÚäÏäÇ Everyone could see(that) he was frightened. åäÇ ÌÇÊ ÇáÌãáå ÇáÇÓãíå ãä ÈÚÏ that (he was frightened.) ØÈÚÇ åÇÐí ÇáÌãáå ÇáÇÓãíå ÌÇÊ ÈÚÏ see Çááí åæ ÝÚá ÝÊÕíÑ æÙíÝÉ åÇÐí ÇáÌãáå ßÇãáå ãÝÚæáå Èå ááÝÚá see .It functions as the object of the verb “see”. |
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#124 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÃáÜãÜÇÓÜí
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ - ÞæÇÚÏ ÇáãäÙæãÉ ÇáäÍæíÉ - ÇáÇËäíä 10 / 3 / 1437åÜ
2. modify an NP in the main clause
e.g. ØÈÚÇ ÇáãæÏíÝÇí Çááí åæ æÙíÝÊå Çäå íÚØíß ÊÝÓíÑ ÇßËÑ ááhead åäÇ ÇáåíÏ ÈÇáÌãáå friends åæ ÇáÍíä íÈí íÑÈØ Çáßáãå ÈÇáßáãÇÊ Çááí ÇäÐßÑÊ ÞÈá íÚäí åí äÝÓåÇ ãÇ ÛíÑÊ ãÚäì ÇáÌãáå æ äÞÏÑ äÓÊÛäì ÚäåÇ áÃäåÇ ÝÞØ æÙíÝÊåÇ ÊÚØí ÊÝÓíÑ ÇßËÑ I often see my old schoolfriends. I often see friendswho were at school with me. The subordinateclause “who were at school with me” is called arelative clause. It functions as a modifier of the NP “friends”. |
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#125 | |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÝÜÚøÜÇá
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ - ÞæÇÚÏ ÇáãäÙæãÉ ÇáäÍæíÉ - ÇáÇËäíä 10 / 3 / 1437åÜ
ÇÞÊÈÇÓ:
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#126 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÃáÜãÜÇÓÜí
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ - ÞæÇÚÏ ÇáãäÙæãÉ ÇáäÍæíÉ - ÇáÇËäíä 10 / 3 / 1437åÜ
ÇÐÇ Ýíå Ôí ãæ æÇÖÍ Þæáæ áí : (
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#127 | |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÐåÜÈÜí
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ - ÞæÇÚÏ ÇáãäÙæãÉ ÇáäÍæíÉ - ÇáÇËäíä 10 / 3 / 1437åÜ
ÇÞÊÈÇÓ:
ÇÐÇ Ðí ÈÏÇíÉ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ 12 Çáí ÔÑÍÊíå ÐÇ Ðí ÚäÏí Ýí ãáÎÕ ÇáãÚÊÞá 13 æ 12 ÚäÏí ÈÏÇíÉ ÇáäÚÊ |
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#128 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÃáÜãÜÇÓÜí
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ - ÞæÇÚÏ ÇáãäÙæãÉ ÇáäÍæíÉ - ÇáÇËäíä 10 / 3 / 1437åÜ
3. replace an adverbial in the main clause
e.g. åäÇ Óåá Çä ÔÇÁÇááå íÈí íÛíÑ ÇáÙÑÝ íÚäí ÇáÒãÇä Çæ ÇáãßÇä æíÈí íÑÈØå ÈÃÏæÇÊ ÇáÑÈØ I met Ahmed twenty years ago. I met Ahmed when I was at school. ØÈÚÇ åäÇ æÔæ ÇÎÐäÇ ÞÈá ÇáÒíÇÏÇÊ Çááí äÞÏÑ äÓÊÛäì ÚäåÇ ÈÇáÌãáå æ ßÇä ãä ÖãäåÇ ÇáæÞÊ ÝÚÇÏí áæ ÇÓÊÛäíäì Úäå ãÇÑÇÍ íÖÑ ÇáÌãáå æ ÛÇáÈÇ áãÇ äÈí äÊÐßÑ ÚãÑ Çæ æÞÊ ÞÏíã äÓÊÎÏã when The subordinateclause “when I was at school” is an adverbialclause of time. It functions as an adjunct in the main clause “I met Ahmed.” |
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#129 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÃáÜãÜÇÓÜí
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ - ÞæÇÚÏ ÇáãäÙæãÉ ÇáäÍæíÉ - ÇáÇËäíä 10 / 3 / 1437åÜ
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#130 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÐåÜÈÜí
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ - ÞæÇÚÏ ÇáãäÙæãÉ ÇáäÍæíÉ - ÇáÇËäíä 10 / 3 / 1437åÜ
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ãæÇÞÚ ÇáäÔÑ (ÇáãÝÖáÉ) |
ÇáÐíä íÔÇåÏæä ãÍÊæì ÇáãæÖæÚ ÇáÂä : 1 ( ÇáÃÚÖÇÁ 0 æÇáÒæÇÑ 1) | |
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