محتوى انجليزي كتابه 10 و11 word

[إيلاف*]

Lecture # 10

Types of Sentences

المحاضرات 10، 11، 12، 13 هي مواد مساندة من خارج الكتاب لكنها مطلوبة في الاختبار ومهمة.

المحاضرة رقم 14 ستكون عبارة عن نماذج أسئلة للتدريب على الاختبار النهائي.

Lecture Components

The simple sentence
The compound sentence
Sentences with expressions of time.

There are three main types of sentence.
• A simple sentence.الجملة البسيطة
• A compound sentence.الجملة المركبة
• A complex sentence.الجملة المعقدة

The Simple Sentence

The simple sentence can be very short, consisting of a simple subject and a simple predicate.
Examples from lecture 9:
1. SUBJECTالمبتدأ
2. PREDICATEالخبر
- My roommate lost his keys.
- My family lives in an apartment.
- I don’t like warm milk or cold coffee.
- We don’t have class on Tuesday.

The simple sentence can have a compound subject and a compound predicate.



Examples from lecture 9:

My mother and my father speak and write English well.
My brother, sister, and mother speak and write English well.
Ahmad and his sister live and work in Jeddah.
Ahmad and Ali watched TV and had dinner at home.

The simple sentence can be declarative (تقريري)or interrogative (استفهامي):
You can shop at the mall on weekends.
Can you shop at the mall on weekends?
Francisco cleaned his room for 2 hours.
Did Francisco clean his room for 2 hours?

A simple sentence can be an exclamation (صيغة التعجب)or an imperative (صيغة الأمر) :
Help me.
Please hold the box.
This is a wonderful gift!
How clever you are!

A simple sentence can have a verb in any tense (past, present, or future):
My friend shops at the mall on the weekend.
My friend shopped at the mall last weekend.
My friend will shop at the mall next weekend.

The Compound Sentence
الجملة المركّبة

A compound sentence is two simple sentences connected by a comma and a coordinating conjunction.

Simple sentence , simple sentence.
and
but
so
comma or

The Compound Sentence: Coordinating Conjunctions

Logical Relationship
Coordinating Conjunction
Addition
And
Contrast
But
Choice
Or
Result
So

Ahmad is a scientist, and he travels often.
He works in Damman, but he lives in Al-Ahsa.
He didn’t study for the test, so he failed the exam.
Next year we will go to the beach, or we will stay at home.

And connects two sentences with similar ideas. The sentences can be positive or negative:
My friend is a teacher, and his sister is a doctor.
He doesn’t like music, and she doesn’t like art.
But connects two sentences with opposite ideas:
She likes art, but she doesn’t like music.

Or connects two sentences that express alternatives or choices:
Every Friday, they go to a mall, or they visit some friends.
So connects a reason and a result:
My friend and his sister work a lot, so they don’t go out very often.Insert the correct coordinating conjunction. Use and, or, but, or so.
1. We are going to have spaghetti for dinner, _______ we are going to have ice cream for dessert.
2. It is my birthday, _______ I have to go to work. I wish that I could stay home and relax.
3. Would you like to play tennis, ______ would you like to go to the golf course?
4. It is raining, ______ she is wearing a raincoat.
5. It is cold outside, ______ we can’t go swimming.
6. I’m hungry, _______ I don’t have time to eat.
7. I enjoy opera, _______ I like the ballet.
8. She’s a trustworthy friend, _______ I tell her my secrets.
9. I want to go to school, _______ I don’t have enough money.
10. We can go to the movies, _______ we can rent a video.

Practice

Which of the following sentences is punctuated correctly?
A. They are running and jumping happily and their mother is watching them quietly.
B. They are running and jumping happily, and, their mother is watching them quietly.
C. They are running and jumping happily, and their mother is watching them quietly.
D. They are running and jumping happily and, their mother is watching them quietly.

Which of the following sentences contains a compound subject?
A. Francisco and Maria watch a movie every Saturday.
B. Francisco watches a movie every Saturday.
C. Maria watches a movie every Saturday.
D. Francisco watches a movie and plays tennis every Saturday.

Sentences with expressions of time

Use the words and form meaningful statements. Always use the expression of time at the end of the sentence.

Example: goes / to school / every morning / Andy
Answer: Andy goes to school every morning.

Sentences with expressions of time

1) take / photos / they / every Monday
They take photos every Monday.
2) goes / every day / she / to school
She goes to school every day.
3) football / Eric / after school / plays
Eric plays football after school.
4) is making / he / at the moment / breakfast
He is making breakfast at the moment.
5) to the club / the girls / go / on Saturdays
The girls go to the club on Saturdays.
6) o'clock / school / at / 8 / starts
School starts at 8 o'clock.
7) Tuesday / the boys / their bikes / ride / every
The boys ride their bikes every Tuesday.
8) I / home / going / am / now
I am going home now.
9) Simon / on Fridays / the dishes / washes
Simon washes the dishes on Fridays.
10) are / questions / we / answering / the / now
We are answering the questions now.

[إيلاف*]

Lecture # 11
Types of Sentences: More about the Compound Sentence

Lecture Components

The compound sentence: Revision
Run-ons
Comma Splices
Conjunctive Adverbs

The Compound Sentence

A compound sentence is two simple sentences connected by a comma and a coordinating conjunction.
Simple sentence , simple sentence.
And but or so

Coordinating conjunctions

comma
The Compound Sentence: Coordinating Conjunctions

And connects two sentences with similar ideas. The sentences can be positive or negative:
My friend is a teacher, and his sister is a doctor.
He doesn’t like music, and she doesn’t like art.
But connects two sentences with opposite ideas:
She likes art, but she doesn’t like music.

Or connects two sentences that express alternatives or choices:
Every Friday, they go to a mall, or they visit some friends.
So connects a reason and a result:
My friend and his sister work a lot, so they don’t go out very often.

Run-ons
أخطاء العطف: جملتان متصلتان دون علامة ترقيم أو حرف عطف

A run-on is two simple sentences incorrectly joined with no coordinating conjunction and no comma.
Subject + verb + subject + verb

Example:
Francisco worked out Maria cleaned her room. X
The first test was difficult the second one was easy. X

Correcting run-ons
كيفية تصحيح الخطأ السابق

There are two ways to fix run-ons:
1. With a period (.).
Francisco worked out. Maria cleaned her room.
The first test was difficult. The second one was easy.

2. With a comma and a coordinating conjunction.
Francisco worked out, and Maria cleaned her room.
The first test was difficult, but the second one was easy.

Practice
Which of the following is a run-on?
A. Some people like cats others prefer dogs.
B. Some people like cats, others prefer dogs.
C. Some people like cats, and others prefer dogs.
D. Some people like cats. Others prefer dogs.

Comma Splice
أخطاء العطف: استخدام فاصلة بين جملتين كاملتين

The comma splice is two simple sentences incorrectly joined with a comma alone.
Subject + verb + , + subject + verb
Examples:
Some people like cats, others prefer dogs. X
Francisco worked out, Maria cleaned her room. X
The first test was difficult, the second one was easy. X

Correcting Comma Splices
كيفية تصحيح الخطأ السابق

There are two ways to fix comma splices:
1. With a period (.).
Some people like cats. Others prefer dogs.
Francisco worked out. Maria cleaned her room.
The first test was difficult. The second one was easy.
2. With a comma and a coordinating conjunction.
Some people like cats, and others prefer dogs.
Francisco worked out, and Maria cleaned her room.
The first test was difficult, but the second one was easy.

Practice

Which of the following is a comma splice?
A. Some people like cats others prefer dogs.
B. Some people like cats, others prefer dogs.
C. Some people like cats, and others prefer dogs.
D. Some people like cats. Others prefer dogs.

Which of the following is a comma splice?
A. Some people like cats others prefer dogs.
B. Some people like cats, others prefer dogs.
C. Some people like cats, and others prefer dogs.
D. Some people like cats. Others prefer dogs.

Which of the following is a comma splice?
A. I don’t watch TV, but my children do.
B. I don’t like garlic. I don’t like onions.
C. I don’t like garlic, I don’t like onions.
D. I don’t watch TV. My children do.

Identify the following sentence as either a comma splice, a run-on, or correct.
1. We are going to have spaghetti for dinner, and we are going to have ice cream for dessert.
A. Comma splice
B. Run-on
C. Correct

Identify the following sentence as either a comma splice, a run-on, or correct.
1. Would you like to play tennis, would you like to go to the golf course?
A. Comma splice
B. Run-on
C. Correct

Compound sentences with Conjunctive Adverbs
العطف باستخدام ظروف العطف

Study the following table:
Coordinating conjunctions
حروف العطف
Conjunctive Adverbs
ظروف العطف
And
=furthermore
= Moreover
= In addition
But
= However
= Nevertheless
So
= Therefore
= As a result
Or
= otherwise

Compound sentences with Coordinating Conjunctions & Conjunctive Adverbs

It is raining, so she is wearing a raincoat.
It is raining; as a result, she is wearing a raincoat.
I’m hungry, but I don’t have time to eat.
I’m hungry; however, I don’t have time to eat.

We are going to have spaghetti for dinner, and we are going to have ice cream for dessert.
We are going to have spaghetti for dinner; in addition, we are going to have ice cream for dessert.
You need to work harder, or you will get fired.
You need to work harder; otherwise, you will get fired.

Practice

Which of the following sentences is punctuated correctly?
A. Ali is tired, so, he would like to go to bed.
B. Ali is tired so, he would like to go to bed.
C. Ali is tired so he would like to go to bed.
D. Ali is tired, so he would like to go to bed.
Which of the following sentences is punctuated correctly?
A. My computer frustrates me however I couldn’t live without it.
B. My computer frustrates me; however I couldn’t live without it.
C. My computer frustrates me; however, I couldn’t live without it.
D. My computer frustrates me however, I couldn’t live without it.

[Dawn]

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