[ محتوى مقرر ] : ۩۞۩ ... الروايه الحديثه ...۩۞۩

[ام حاتم427]

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السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

اسعد الله صباحكم/مسائكم بكل خير





المقرر:الروايه الحديثه
استاذ المقرر: وصفي شقيرات









ستجدون هنا باذن الله كل مايخص المقرر





بسم الله نبداء





الملخصات في المرفقات





ملخص بيسان غير مترجم
ملخص كارزما مترجم





المحاضرات تجدونها هنا

7403383

https://echo.kfu.edu.sa:8443/ess/por...-5a337cdaedaf/

الواجبات






الواجب الاول

: Verisimilitude refers to:
1. The correspondence between the world presented in the novel and the real

2: Don Quixote is considered one of the first European novels. It waswritten by:
4. Miguel de Cervantes

: The epistolary novel is a novel in which thestory is told:
3. Through the letters of one of more of the characters




الواجب الثاني


Question 1: The novel of manner sis dominated by:
A. The manners, customs and conventions of a particular class

: Gothic novels are characterized by:
B. Magic, mystery and horror

: Walter Scott is considered the father of:
D. The historical novel




الواجب الثالث


1: Marlow's adventures in heart of Darkness take place in
D. The African Congo

2: The direct narrator in heart of Darkness is
A. Marlow

3: Who helped Marlow get hired at the Company?
B. Aunt

4: In Heart of Darkness, the Africans are constantlydescribed as
C. Animals

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[ام حاتم427]

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المناقشات

المناقشه الاولى

Verisimilitude

Refers to the illusion that the novel is a representation of real life. Verisimilitude results from:
 a correspondence between the world presented in the novel and the real world of the reader
 Recognizable settings and characters in real time
what Hazlitt calls, “ the close imitation of men and manners… the very texture of society as it really exists.”
 The novel emerged when authors fused adventure and
romance with verisimilitude and heroes that were not supermen but ordinary people, often, insignificant nobodies



المناقشه الثانيه

Realism

Middle class
Pragmatic
Mimetic art
Objective, but ethical
Sometimes comic or satiric
? How can the individual live within and influence society
Honore Balzac, Gustave Flaubert, George Eliot, William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, Leo Tolstoy, George Sand

Naturalism

Middle/Lower class
Scientific
Investigative art
Objective and amoral
Often pessimistic, sometimes comic
? How does society/the environment impact individuals
Emile Zola, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Thomas Hardy, Stephen Crane, Theodore Dreiser



المناقشه الثالثه

The development of the printing press: which enables mass production of reading material.



المناقشه الرابعه

he was a journalist and a political pamphleteer, and his style was influenced by journalism.




المناقشه الخامسه

Crusoe sets on a sea voyage in August 1651, against the wishes of his parents, who want him to stay at home and pursue a career, possibly in law
After a tumultuous journey that sees his ship wrecked in a storm, his lust for the sea remains so strong that he sets out to sea again. This journey too ends in disaster
and Crusoe becomes the slave of a Moor(Muslims in Northwest Africa
After two years of slavery, he manages to escape and is rescued and befriended by the Captain of a Portuguese ship off the west coast of Africa. The ship is en route to Brazil. There, with the help of the captain, Crusoe becomes owner of a plantation
Years later, he joins an expedition to bring slaves from Africa, but he is shipwrecked in a storm about forty miles out to sea on an island (which he calls the Island of Despair) on September 30, 1659
His companions all die, save himself, and three animals who survived the shipwreck, the captain's dog and two cats. Having overcome his despair, he fetches arms, tools and other supplies from the ship before it breaks apart and sinks. He proceeds to build a fenced-in habitation near a cave which he excavates himself
He keeps a calendar by making marks in a wooden cross which he has built. He hunts, grows corn and rice, dries grapes to make raisins for the winter months, learns to make pottery and raises goats, all using tools created from stone and wood which he harvests on the island. He also adopts a small parrot. He reads the Bible and becomes religious, thanking God for his fate in which nothing is missing but human society
Years later, he discovers native cannibals who occasionally visit the island to kill and eat prisoners. At first he plans to kill them but later realizes that he has no right to do so as the cannibals do not knowingly commit a crime. He dreams of obtaining one or two servants by freeing some prisoners; when a prisoner manages to escape, Crusoe helps him, naming his new companion “Friday” after the day of the week he appeared. Crusoe then teaches him English and converts him to Christianity
After another party of natives arrives to partake in a cannibal feast, Crusoe and Friday manage to kill most of the natives and save two of the prisoners. One is Friday's father and the other is a Spaniard, who informs Crusoe that there are other Spaniards shipwrecked on the mainland. A plan is devised wherein the Spaniard would return with Friday's father to the mainland and bring back the others, build a ship and sail to a Spanish port
Before the Spaniards return, an English ship appears; mutineers have taken control of the ship and intend to maroon their former captain on the island. Crusoe and the ship's captain strike a deal in which he helps the captain and the loyal sailors retake the ship from the mutineers, whereupon they intend to leave the worst of the mutineers on the island. Before they leave for England, Crusoe shows the former mutineers how he lived on the island and states that there will be more men coming
Crusoe leaves the island December 19, 1686 and arrives in England on June 11, 1687. He learns that his family believed him dead and there was nothing in his father's will for him
Crusoe departs for Lisbon to reclaim the profits of his estate in Brazil, which has granted him a large amount of wealth. In conclusion, he takes his wealth overland to England to avoid traveling at sea. Friday comes with him and along the way they endure one last adventure together as they fight off hundreds of famished wolves while crossing the Pyrenees



المناقشه السادسه

Robinson Crusoe is the true symbol of the British conquest: The whole Anglo-Saxon spirit is in Crusoe
Crusoe attempts to replicate his own society on the island: application of European technology, agriculture, and even a rudimentary political hierarchy
The idealized master-servant relationship between Crusoe and Friday
Crusoe represents the “enlightened European.” Friday is the “savage” who can only be redeemed from his supposedly barbarous way of life through the assimilation into Crusoe's culture
Nevertheless, within the novel Defoe also takes the opportunity to criticize the historic Spanish conquest of South America




المناقشه السابعه

: Characteristics of the Realist Novel

The linear flow of narrative
The unity and coherence of plot and character and the cause and effect development
The moral and philosophical meaning of literary action
The advocacy of bourgeois rationality
Rational, public, objective discourse
The Realist novel of the nineteenth century was written in opposition to the Romance of medieval times
Representation of “real life” experiences and characters versus ideal love, ideal moral codes ideal characters (nobility), and fixed social values




المناقشه الثامنه

The Berlin Conference of 1884–85, also known as the Congo Conference (German: Kongokonferenz) or West Africa Conference (Westafrika-Konferenz),regulated European colonisation and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power. Called for by Portugal and organized by Otto von Bismarck, first Chancellor of Germany, its outcome, the General Act of the Berlin Conference, can be seen as the formalization of theScramble for Africa. The conference ushered in a period of heightened colonial activity by European powers, which eliminated or overrode most existing forms of African autonomy and self-governance.




المناقشه التاسعه

According to Conrad, it is based on real events and Conrad is "Marlow" in the novella
Conrad, author of Heart of Darkness, said that Heart of Darkness is a documentary--the things described in it really happened
Conrad actually did go to the Congo and was the captain of a steamboat on the Congo River. Heart of Darkness is a record of his experience
Marlow in the novella = Joseph Conrad
Kurtz in the novella = Leon Rom, head of the Force Publique



المناقشه العاشره

Heart of Darkness and Things Fall Apart illustrate the different ways of presenting Africa in literature. In Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad shows Africa through the perspective of the colonizing Europeans, who tend to depict all the natives as savages. In response to Conrad's stereotypical depiction of Africans, Chinua Achebe wrote Things Fall Apart through the point of view of the natives to show Africans, not as primitives, but as members of a thriving society. Things Fall Apart follows Okonkwo's life as he strives for prestige in his community. When European missionaries come to Umuofia, Okonkwo's clan, Okonkwo tries to protect the culture that the missionaries would destroy in the name of "civilizing" the natives. However his rigid mentality and violent behavior has the opposite of its intended effect, perpetuating the stereotype of the wild African in the eyes of the European readers.
European prejudice against Africans is clearly present in Heart of Darkness. In traveling through Africa, the protagonist, Marlow, describes all the natives he encounters as savages, comparing them to animals or the wilderness of the jungle itself. In one instance, Marlow discovers a death pit literally an open grove where natives go to die. He describes the men there saying,
Black shapes crouched, lay, sat between the trees, leaning against the trunks, clinging to the earth in all attitudes of pain, abandonment, and despair they were nothing earthly now, nothing but black shadows of disease and starvation One of these creatures rose to his hands and knees and went off on all fours towards the river to drink. (Conrad 17545




المناقشه الحاديه عشر

Heart of Darkness portrays a European civilization that is hopelessly and blindly corrupt. The novella depicts European society as hollow at the core: Marlow describes the white men he meets in Africa, from the General Manager to Kurtz, as empty, and refers to the unnamed European city as the "sepulchral city" (a sepulcher is a hollow tomb). Throughout the novella, Marlow argues that what Europeans call "civilization" is superficial, a mask created by fear of the law and public shame that hides a dark heart, just as a beautiful white sepulcher hides the decaying dead inside




المناقشه الثانيه عشر

Heart of Darkness pays more attention to the damage that colonization does to the souls of white colonizers than it does to the physical death and devastation unleashed on the black natives. Though this focus on the white colonizers makes the novella somewhat unbalanced, it does allow Heart of Darkness to extend its criticism of colonialism all the way back to its corrupt source, the "civilization" of Europe.




المناقشه الثالثه عشر

Modernism began as a movement in that late 19th, early 20th centuries. Artists started to feel restricted by the styles and conventions of the Renaissance period. Thusly came the dawn of Modernism in many different forms, ranging from Impressionism to Cubism.




المناقشه الرابعه عشر

It is quite clear that the three novels Robinson Crusoe, Heart of Darkness and A Passage to India mainly deal with the issue of colonialism, imperialism and racialism. The three authors of these novel is to politically represent the images of “us” vs. “them” by creating a system of structure that shows that the human world is divided into two groups- “self” and “others” . The novel is an important genre to show how word can change the meanings and established a new interpretation through representation. In Orientalism Edward Said discusses this kind of textual representations of the Orient which is constructed, not natural. To him: In any instance of at least written language, there is no such thing as a delivered presence, but a re-presence, or a representation. The value, efficacy, strength, apparent veracity of a written statement about the Orient therefore relies very little, and cannot instrumentally depend, on the Orient as such. (21) Representation, especially of the colonized, is connected with politics. In the following three novels it is clearly revealed. Robinson Crusoe, Heart of Darkness and A passage to India deal with different aspects of representation of racialism, imperialism and colonialism. One of the best sealing fictions of the eighteen century is Robinson Crusoe. In this novel Defoe deals with colonialism by portraying a fictional picture of an adventurous man, who gradually becomes the master over an island and establishes his own colony. Behind the adventurous mind of Crusoe, Defoe shows his worldliness and monetary motive. It was the period when white men’s fantasy was to discover new lands so that they were regarded themselves as a master over an island and established their own colony. Certainly representation of colonialism, imperialism and capitalism lies at the heart of the novel Robinson Crusoe. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness was Saeed 63 published at the time when white men started to believe that it is their responsibility to civilize the savages. Through this novel Conrad represents Africa as a place which is inwardly impure, corrupted and symbol of evils. The sole purpose of the white men was to indulge in the exploitation of the backward, ignorant natives in Congo. Ivory dominates the thought of every white man in that time. In Heart of Darkness Conrad focuses on the issue of imperial attitude towards the Africans and how they tried to capture their culture where racial attitude also is an important aspect of imperialism. Twentieth century was an era of colonial activity for most of the Europeans when A Passage to India was published. India has changed a great deal since 1924 at the time the novel appeared. The Second World War brought the termination of the British Raj which is reflected in the novel A Passage to India. While the English people suffered from arrogance and racial superiority, the Indians suffered from contempt and nationalist sentiments. Forster technically represented the political relationship between the occidental and the oriental. In A Passage to India he clearly explored that it is not possible for an Englishman to make a real friendship with an Indians because one is “Self” and another is colonized “Other.” Forster deals with the relationship between two different cultures to explore British political control over India. In this novel all the Indians represented as perverted, clownish or queer characters. As a pure Christian Fielding represented as a moderate, civilized man who contends with friendliness. Like all British rulers Forster represented India as an exotic place, naturally beautiful and mysterious but culturally uncivilized. Forester’s A Passage to India is very much concerned about the representation of occident and orient as well as the author criticized native’s religious values to create binary constructions. Thus, these novels represent colonial identity, a sense of division, inequality and alienation. Textual representation is a process to produce calculative meanings and images of those who are marginalized. The colonial representation then involved Saeed 64 on the issue of power, subjugation, domination and control over colonized by the colonizers. Representation of a colonized as a peculiar figure or a group of radical otherness indicates the politics of empire. Therefore, representation means not only a conscious presentation but also an assumption about the marginalized groups, an imaginative or unreal colonial image that is known as “others.”

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[ام حاتم427]

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اسئلة الاعوام السابقه

+
بعض الملفات المهمه

في المرفقات

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[ام حاتم427]

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مجالس المذاكره

الدفعه السابقه
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t707816.html
دفعة نهر العطاء
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t671791.html?archive=1





انطباع الطلاب على الاختبار



الدفعه السابقه
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t721759.html
دفعة نهر العطاء
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t681812.html?archive=1

خط زمني لرواية قلب الظلام
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/12742374-post4.html

رابط فديو يحكي عن رواية قبل الظلام
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t713068.html






ردود مميزه في التجمع السابق


http://www.ckfu.org/vb/12947961-post240.html
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/12957561-post381.html
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/12943241-post147.html
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/12935238-post90.html
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/12807802-post52.html

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[ام حاتم427]

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الكويزات

كويزات على المحاضرات
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/12191809-post2.html

كويز اختبار الفصل الاول 1436
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t681227.html



كويز اخر لاختبار الفصل الاول 1436
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t681385.html



كويز اختبار الفصل الثاني 1436
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t721464.html



كويز الواجبات
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t681344.html

كويز اسئلة الدكتور في الماشره
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t681514.html



كويز لاسئلة المراجعه
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t721075.html



كويز مراجعه66 سؤال
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t721566.html

تم بحمد الله

اللهم صل وسلم على سيدنا محمد وعلى اله وصحبه اجمعين

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[{تهاويل}]

تسلمي على مجهودك الرائع ام حاتم
بارك الله فيك
وجعله في ميزان حسناتك
سهلتي علينا

[منصور العبدالله]

انتخبوا ام حاتم


الف شكر

[ام حاتم427]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة {تهاويل}

تسلمي على مجهودك الرائع ام حاتم
بارك الله فيك
وجعله في ميزان حسناتك
سهلتي علينا

الله يسلمك مشرفنا

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة منصور العبدالله

انتخبوا ام حاتم


الف شكر

العفو اخوي منصور


دعوه في ظهر الغيب تكفيني

[Musaedaf]

ام حاتم 427 You are precious metal such a gold, always shining.


thank you so much

[eiman_design]

ابداع وتميّز ماشاءالله ..
.
الف شكر لك ..وجودك بدفعتنا مكسب كبير لنا
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