[ المناقشات ] : استفسار عن مناقشات الادب الانقليزي القرن 17 وظهور الرواية

[أسطورة زماني]

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
اسعد الله مساء الجميع
مثل ماهو واضح بالعنوان عندي شوية لخبطه
وابي المناقشات المعتمده للمقررين المذكورين

شاكر وممنون لمن اهتم او اهتمت

[أسطورة زماني]

Give me face please

[Roro Abdullah]

مناقشات أو محتوى ؟؟

لأنه المناقشات طبيعي تلاقيها محلولة في أي مناقشة تدخليها تتلاقي مشاركات الطالبات اللي قبلك موجودة

بإمكانك تتأكدي من إجابتك من خلال دخولك على اجاباتهم

[galaxy cake]

ظهور الرواية مايفتح الرابط حق المناقشات حقتها :(
احد عنده الاسئه لاهنتوا ؟

[lena na]

انا متلك وصلت بالمادتين للمناقشة السابعة و ما كنت لاقي باقي حل المناقشات و دورت كتير بدون فائدة
و كل يلي سالتهم قالولي متل ما قالت الاخت Roro Abdullah
وا ن شاء الله نلاقي حدا عندو الروابط و يفيدنا

[cadycandy]

مناقشات الادب إنجليزي في القرن 17

1

The Puritan movement stood for liberty of the people from the shackles of the despotic ruler as well as the introduction of morality and high ideals in politics. Thus it had two objects – personal righteousness and civil and religious liberty. It aimed at making men honest and free .Milton and Cromwell were the real champions of liberty and stood for toleration.

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2

The Puritan drama :after Shakespeare the drama in England suffered a decline during the reigns of James I and Charles I ,the height reached by Shakespeare could not be kept by later dramatists .The Restoration drama :In 1642 the theaters were closed by the authority of the Parliament which was dominated by Puritans and so no good plays were written from 1642 till the Restoration .

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3

I disagree with him ,because the women aren't inferior to men.

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4

In the form of a serpent, he talks to Eve and compliments her on her beauty and godliness. She is amazed to find an animal that can speak. She asks how he learned to speak, and he tells her that it was by eating from the Tree of Knowledge. He tells Eve that God actually wants her and Adam to eat from the tree, and that his order is merely a test of their courage. She is hesitant at first but then reaches for a fruit from the Tree of Knowledge and eats. She becomes distraught and searches for Adam. Adam has been busy making a wreath of flowers for Eve. When Eve finds Adam, he drops the wreath and is horrified to find that Eve has eaten from the forbidden tree. Knowing that she has fallen, he decides that he would rather be fallen with her than remain pure and lose her. So he eats from the fruit as well. Adam looks at Eve in a new way, and together they turn to lust. God immediately knows of their disobedience. He tells the angels in Heaven that Adam and Eva must be punished, but with a display of both justice and mercy.

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5

As the common people still under the influence of Puritanism had no love for the theatres, the dramatists had to cater to the taste of aristocratic class which was highly fashionable, frivolous, cynical and sophisticated. The Restoration Drama was confined to the upper strata of society whose taste was aristocratic.

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6

Theme: -the short-lived nature of life, the fleeting passage of time. -like the flowers we humans have a very short life in this world. -beauty is not going to stay forever.

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7

Milton's views on marriage are mainstream today, but they were viewed as shocking and heretical in his own time. Milton was a pioneer for the right of divorce in an age when divorce was prohibited by nearly all denominations. He felt that conversation and mental companionship were supremely important in a marriage, and admits that his first marriage might have failed due to a lack in this regard. He also argued that the partners in a marriage must complement each other. His portrayal of Adam and Eve after the fall is a vivid example of his belief that two people can complement each other, smoothing out one another's faults and enhancing each others' strengths.

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8

In the poet, TO Daffodils; Robert Herrick begins by saying that we ’, To Daffodils In his poem ‘grieve to see the beautiful daffodils being wasted away very quickly. The duration of their gloom is so short that it seems even the rising sun still hasn’t reached the noon-time. Thus, in the very beginning the poet has struck a note of mourning at the fast dying of daffodils.The poet then addresses the daffodils and asks them to stay until the clay ends with the evening prayer. After praying together ha says that they will also accompany the daffodils this is so because like flowers men too have a very transient life and even the youth is also very short-lived.

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9

Ventidius strongly believes that Cleopatra had been responsible for the ruin of Antony.Ventidius says that Cleopatra has put golden chains around Antony and has made him a slave to her love,thus robbing him of his manliness. Ventidius deplores Cleopatra’s demoralizing influence on Antony who seems to have lost all his heroism and valor. Alexas,in reply,says that one of Antony’s excellent qualities is his loyalty to the woman who loves him.

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10

Antony loves Cleopatra beyond life, beyond conquests, and beyond empire she has put golden chains around Antony and has made him a slave to her love, Octavia says that Cleopatra is responsible for all her sufferings, she had grown jealous of his love for her (Cleopatra).

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11

As queen of ancient Egypt, Cleopatra is one of the most famous female rulers in history. The stories surrounding Cleopatra's tragic life inspired a Shakespeare play.

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12

My attitude towards Cleopatra , I think I'll do the same as Octavia . She try to keep her husband and daughters safe . And he chose me before her because he love me first.. So Cleopatra should have some self-esteem.

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13

The short lived nature of life ,the fleeting passage of time. Like the flowers we humans have a very short life in this world. Beauty isn't going to stay forever.

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14

The end of All For Love it's sad and tragic. and Dryden gave to his play a sub-title which is THE WORLD WELL LOST. The sub- title means that Antony did well to sacrifice his empire for the sake of his love for Cleopatra, and that Cleopatra did well to sacrifice her kingdom and her life for the sake of her love for Antony. ALL FOR LOVE is a historical play. Dryden depended on Shakespeare's play ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA.

[cadycandy]

مناقشات ظهور الرواية

1
Drama was also the vehicle for the political comments of writers until subjected to censorship after the License Act of 1737. This act was against drama. No play could be performed without a license. for that reason, drama had been weakened.As a result of that novels flourished and grew quickly in the 18th century.
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2
Most people were no more interested in the supernatural but in the normal. Technological achievements appeared in this age through scientific methods such as "observation, experimentation, and hypothesis".There were new scientific discoveries.
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3
Henry James had a unique perception of the novel: " A novel is a living thing, all one and continuous, like any other organism, and in proportion as it lives it will be found, I think that in each of the parts there is something of the other parts." • Some critics go further than that, they think that the work of the novelist is creative not descriptive. The novelist should create his novel from his mind and imagination. • According to Austin Wright, "A novel is a kind of communication. It acts as a bridge between the novelist and audience”. • Any good novel will keep its readers' interest all over the novel. They feel that they can't stop reading. E.M. Forster sees novel as a kind of art that "imitates or represents images of life, real or imagined, abstract or concrete, ranging from the most specific and individualized to the most universal and archetypal"
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4
The Novel of Action: •This kind of novel is concerned with what characters do all over the novel and how the action goes on. In this type of novel, there is sometimes a loose plot structure. •Example: Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719) which has a loose plot structure. The Historical novel:It is a novel that sets its events and characters in such a well-defined historical context. It includes convincing detailed description of manners, buildings.It gives a sense of historical authenticity.
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5
Yet we do learn about character in a novel rather as we do in real life: from people's actions, from what they say about themselves, from what others say about them. We may be told just what to think, or be left with some of the ambiguities and perplexities we feel in real life.
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6
During the 18th century, novelists employed a natural setting in their novels as the houses of common people. But in the previous ages, there was a kind of supernatural setting such as huge castles and palaces.
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7
Defoe as Writer -He was a productive author of the Augustan Age. He was the first of the great 18th-century English novelists. He was a distinguished writer even before he wrote his novels. For example, when he published his poem The True-Born Englishman in 1701, he estimated that more than 80,000 copies were sold -Defoe turned into a new literary path in 1719.He was around 59 years old when he published Robinson Crusoe. It is considered the first English novel. He also wrote many other novels after that. Defoe is considered the "inventor" of the English novel. -Daniel Defoe was considered the first writer who did not follow the previous "protocol" of storytelling.
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8
Defoe moved away from this tendency of re-telling stories and began to create characters that were new to the literary tradition. Defoe began writing narratives about characters and their life using new technique which used literary elements similar to real life. some critics admired the novels of Defoe. such as Rousseau who said that"fiction was never nearer the truth"
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9
the theme of Social Contact: Crusoe's social contact with the Portuguese captain brings him wealth and happiness. At the beginning of his life, the captain takes him again after twenty eight years to inform him of his fortune in Brazil.
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10
Robinson Crusoe is like Defoe himself, Crusoe - Robinson Crusoe is the protagonist and the major character of the novel. This character appears at the beginning of the novel as a young man from the middle class. His rebellion against his father's advice to be a lawyer gives the reader a sense that this character is untraditional; he wants to decide his future by himself. He believes in his ability to undergo new adventure, and ready to be responsible for the consequences what so ever. It is really brilliant to have a central character like Crusoe who can catch the readers' attention and interest all over the novel. He is isolated and alone in his island.Defoe He was a productive author of the Augustan Age. He was the first of the great 18th-century English novelists. He was a distinguished writer even before he wrote his novels. For example, when he published his poem The True-Born Englishman in 1701, he estimated that more than 80,000 copies were sold.- Defoe turned into a new literary path in 1719.He was around 59 years old when he published Robinson Crusoe. It is considered the first English novel. He also wrote many other novels after that. Defoe is considered the "inventor" of the English novel. -Daniel Defoe was considered the first writer who did not follow the previous "protocol" of storytelling.
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11
There is a general tendency of slavery in this novel. Crusoe is a kind of colonizer who underestimates other people from other places such as Africa, America and even other people from Europe who are not British. Crusoe is a prototype of the Englishman at that time where England obtains great power over other countries. He has ambitions to get control over other people in his island. Crusoe teaches Friday to call him “Master” before teaching him anything. On the contrary, Friday is a symbol of the colonized native who suffers social injustice and imperialism. Crusoe considers Friday as a servant not as a friend. The English people think that they have better qualities and rank than other people. Crusoe wants to bring “order to disorder”. This is his high purpose of killing some of the cannibals, and at the same time educating one of them; Friday.Defoe makes the setting of Robinson Crusoe similar to the general setting of England. Crusoe colonizes the island and builds his empire of farms and homes which become larger and larger by time. Also, the British Empire expands by time. Crusoe saves his life and makes him his servant. He gives him the name Friday because he saved him on this day. He is a good servant who follows the instructions of Crusoe has no emotional feelings towards others including his family. He becomes inhuman and devoid of any emotional reaction. For example, he sells his servant Xury, even after he trusts in him and finds him loyal. Crusoe decides to make a good man of this slave, but he doesn't complete his mission and sells him to the Portuguese caption for the sake of money. Some readers think that this is unrealistic since there is a kind of promise between Crusoe and his servant. Other readers can see this event as a kind of realistic relationship between a colonized slave because the colonist sees the colonized as a kind of commodity not as human being.
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12
Robinsonade is a literary genre that takes its name from the 1719 novel Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe. The success of this novel spawned so many imitations that its name was used to define a genre, which is sometimes described simply as a "desert island story". The word "robinsonade" was coined by the German writer Johann Gottfried Schnabel in the Preface of his 1731 work Die Insel Felsenburg (The Island Stronghold).It is often viewed as a subgenre of survivalist fiction.
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13
There is no psychological insight. Some critics see that it is not enough to tell only a story in its sequence of time. These critics think that a novel should contain other aspects in addition to the basic elements of characters, setting and plot. They think that "But if to write a novel is to create a coherent world populated by credible people at least one of whom dominates the main action, and then Defoe's romances or tales of adventure are indeed novels".
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14
Individualism (there is a desire of human being to fulfill himself) Crusoe is interested in obtaining his individuality through many aspects: A. He wants to be more civilized and educated than other people. (Self civilization, development) B. He wants to be wealthy and expands his propriety. (Economic individualism) C. He wants to have power and control over his surroundings. (Self independence) Crusoe makes use of everything around him in the island. He discovers nature and domesticates wild animals such as goats and parrots. He saves food for coming time. He does not wait for help, and leaves working. He starts from the beginning of his existence on the island to think of himself. Being alone on the island does not make Crusoe like other cannibals. He is aware of his humanity and social status. In the island, he is organized. For example, he has a kind of calendar to feel the time and state his experiences. He wears clothes. He keeps his mind working. He describes things precisely. For example, he tells us the period of time that he spends in cutting a tree to make his boat (canoe). It takes twenty days to cut a tree and fourteen to clear its branches.

[galaxy cake]

كادي كاندي شكررررررا لك والله يعطيك الف عافيه