17) what were the 31 functions
Absentation: One of the members of a family absents himself from home (or is dead)
An interdiction is addressed to the hero
Violation The interdiction is violated
Reconnaissance: The villain makes an attempt at reconnaissance
Delivery: The villain receives information about his victim
Trickery: The villain attempts to deceive his victim in order to take possession of him or his belongings
Complicity: The victim submits to deception and thereby unwittingly helps his enemy
("Villainy or Lack: The villain causes harm or injury to a member of a family (“villainy) or one member of a family either lacks something or desires to have something (“lack
Mediation: Misfortune or lack is made known; the hero is approached with a request or a command; he is allowed to go or he is dispatched
Counteraction: The seeker agrees or decides upon counteraction.
Departure: The hero leaves home
First Function of the Donor: The hero is tested, interrogated, attacked, etc., which prepares the way for his receiving either a magical agent or a helper.
Hero’s Reaction: The hero reacts to the actions of the future donor
Receipts of Magical Agent: The hero acquires the use of a magical agent.
Guidance: The hero is transferred, delivered, or led to the whereabouts of an object of search.
Struggle: The hero and the villain join in direct combat.
Branding The hero is branded.
Victory: The villain is defeated.
Liquidation: The initial misfortune or lack is liquidated.
Return: The hero returns.
Pursuit: The hero is pursued.
Rescue: The rescue of the hero from pursuit.
Unrecognized Arrival: The hero, unrecognized, arrives home or in another country.
Unfounded Claims: A false hero presents unfounded claims.
Difficult Task: A difficult task is proposed to the hero.
Solution: The task is resolved.
Recognition: The hero is recognized.
Exposure: The false hero or villain is exposed.
Transfiguration: The hero is given a new appearance.
Punishment: The villain is punished.
Wedding: The hero is married and ascends the throne.
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18) what were the 8 broad character types in the 100 tales Propp analyzed ?
The villain — struggles against the hero
The dispatcher — character who makes the lack known and sends the hero off
The (magical) helper — helps the hero in their quest
The princess or prize — the hero deserves her throughout the story but is unable to marry her because of an unfair evil, usually because of the villain. The hero's journey is often ended when he marries the princess, thereby beating the villain
Her father — gives the task to the hero, identifies the false hero, marries the hero, often sought for during the narrative. Propp noted that functionally, the princess and the father cannot be clearly distinguished
The donor — prepares the hero or gives the hero some magical object
The hero or victim/seeker hero — reacts to the donor, weds the princess
False hero — takes credit for the hero’s actions or tries to marry the princess
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