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المحاضرة السادسه :

The Shakespearean Sonnet

Sonnet 55

Not Marble, Nor the Gilded Monuments

Not marble, nor the gilded monuments

Of princes, shall outlive this powerful rhyme;

But you shall shine more bright in these contents

Than unswept stone, besmeared with sluttish time

First Quatrain:

“Not marble, nor the gilded monuments”

The speaker of Shakespeare sonnet 55 begins by proclaiming that his poem is more powerful than “marble” or “gilded monuments.” Princes have nothing on poets when it come to enshrining truth: “Not marble, nor the gilded monuments / Of princes, shall outlive this powerful rhyme.” The poet/speaker has faith that his sonnets will outlast any stone statue that is “besmear’d with sluttish time.”

When wasteful war shall statues overturn, 5

And broils root out the work of masonry,

Nor Mars his sword nor war's quick fire shall burn

The living record of your memory.

Second Quatrain:

“When wasteful war shall statues overturn”

In the second quatrain, the speakerinsists that nothing can erase “The living record of your memory.” The poem’s memory is permanent; even though “wasteful war” may “overturn” “statues” and “broils root out the work of masonry.” The poem is ethereal and once written remains a permanent record written on memory.

“The living record” includes more than just parchment and ink; it includes the power of thought that is born in each mind

'Gainst death and all-oblivious enmity

Shall you pace forth; your praise shall still find room 10

Even in the eyes of all posterity

That wear this world out to the ending doom.

So, till the judgment that yourself arise,

You live in this, and dwell in lovers' eyes.

Third Quatrain:

“'Gainst death, and all oblivious enmity”

The poem containing truth and beauty is immortal; it is “'Gainst death.” No enemy can ever succeed against that soul-truth; as the speaker avers, “your praise shall still find room / Even in the eyes of all posterity / That wear this world out to the ending doom.”

This poet/speaker, as the reader has experienced many times before in his sonnets, has the utmost confidence that his poems will be enjoying widespread fame and that all future generations of readers, “eyes of all posterity,” will be reading and studying them. The speaker’s faith in his own talent is deep and abiding, and he is certain they will continue to remain “[e]ven in the eyes of all posterity / That wear this world out to the ending doom.”

الترجمة :

لا الرخام ولا النصب التذكارية المذهبة للأمراء
يمكن أن تُعَمِّرَ أكثر من هذا القصيد الرصين،
لكنك أنت سوف تشع مزيدا من الضوء في هذه المضامين
وليس في النصب الحجري غير المشذب، الذي لطخه الزمان اللعين
.
حين تُسقط الحرب المدمرة التماثيل،
وتهدم المعارك المباني المشيدة،
فلا سيف مارس ولا نار الحرب المندلعة
يمكن أن تحرق هذا السجل الحيّ لذ****.
.
ضد الموت وعدوانية الانسان
يمتد ذكرك، ويبقى لامتداحك دائما مكان
في كل عيون الأجيال القادمة
التي ستحيا في هذه الدنيا إلى يوم القيامة.
.
هكذا إلى أن تنهض في يوم الدين،
تبقى حيّاً في أشعاري، ومقيما في عيون المحبين.
*

The Shakespearean Sonnet

That time of year thou mayst in me behold

When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang

Upon those boughs which shake against the cold,

Bare ruined choirs, where late the sweet birds sang.

In me thou seest the twilight of such day 5

As after sunset fadeth in the west,

Which by and by black night doth take away,

Death’s second self, that seals up all in rest.

- The type of Sonnets rhyme schemes :

- abab cdcd efef gg is the Shakespearean rhyme scheme
- abab bcbc cdcd ee is the Spenserian rhyme scheme
- abbaabba cdecde is the Petrarchan rhyme scheme

- The division of the Shakespearean sonnet : 3 quatrains (the quatrain is 4 lines) and

a couplet ( 2 lines) .

- The division of the Petrarchan sonnet : octave or octet ( 8 lines) and a sestet (six

lines) .

- Every form of sonnet is 14 line. This is a fixed form.