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وعليكم السلام

Lecture # 9
WHAT IS A SENTENCE?
Lecture Component
What is a sentence?
Subject and Predicate
Compound subject & compound predicate
Subject – verb agreement
Building sentences
And , or
Combining sentences

WHAT IS REQUIRED IN EVERY SENTENCE?

Not every group of words is a sentence. To be a sentence, a group of words must make a complete thought AND contain:
1. SUBJECT
2. PREDICATE
- My roommatelost his keys.
- Myfamily lives in an apartment.
- Idon’t like warm milk or cold coffee.
- Wedon’t have class on Tuesday.

Compound Subject

The subject can be compound:
Examples:
My sister speaks English well.
My mother and my father speak English well.
My brother, sister, and mother speak English well.

Compound predicate

The verb can be compound:
Examples:
My brother speaks and writes English well.
He laughed and cried at the same time.
She lives and works in Jeddah.
Ahmad and his sister live and work in Jeddah.
We watched TV and had dinner at home.

Transitive Verbs:

Subject + Verb + Object
Some verbs require an object. They are called “transitive verbs”:

Ahmadboughta new car.
Khalid and Ahmadhadlunch at a restaurant.
Franciscogota shopping cart.
Ieatbreakfast at 7:00 every morning.

Intransitive verbs: Subject + complement

An intransitive verb is a verb that does not take an object after it:.
1. The sun rises in the east.
2. The dog barks.
3. The child has fallen asleep.
4. The tea is hot.
5. She called again and again.
6. She waited for the bus.

Subject-verb Agreement

A singular subject demands a singular verb; a plural subject demands a plural verb. That is the simple principle behindsubject-verb agreement.

Things here in Miami are fine.
My friend Salim and Iplay basketball every day.
My friendplays basketball every day.

Subject-verb Agreement

I _____ classes Monday to Friday from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.
A. have
B. has
2. Francisco _____ his grandmother at 9:00 every Friday.
A. call
B. calls
C. called
3. There _____ a tall, old woman in the park.
A. is
B. are
C. were

BUILDING SENTENCES
1. Ahmad played.
2. Ahmad played tennis.
3. Ahmad played tennis and football.
4. Ahmad and Khalid played tennis and football.
5. Ahmad and Khalid played tennis and football at school.
6. Ahmad and Khalid played tennis and football at school yesterday.
Now try to build more sentences. Start with:
1. Salma ate a sandwich.
2. …………………
3. ………………..
4. ………………..

practice:
Add a predicate to these sentences:
1. My father ____________________
2. My mother ______________
3. Ali and Othman _________________
4. The teacher _______________
5. Francisco and his family _____________

Add a subject to these sentences:
1. _____________ goes shopping every Saturday.
2. _____________went to the supermarket last Friday.
3. _____________ is near my apartment.
4. _____________ don’t buy junk food.
5. _____________ is painting a picture very carefully.

Connecting words: And

Andjoins two or more similar things in POSITIVE sentences.
Examples:
I like Chinese and Italian food.
We have class on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.
I speak and write English well.
I speak and write English and Arabic well.

Connecting words: or

1. Or joins two or more similar things in NEGATIVE sentences.
I don’t like warm milk or cold coffee.
We don’t have class on Tuesdays or Thursdays.
I don’t like pizza or hamburgers

2. Or also connects two or more CHOICES or ALTERNATIVES
I would like to go to Jeddah, Abha, or Taif.
My father or my brother will drive me to the airport.
Is this sentence true or false?

Connecting words: (and , or)
Combine each pair of sentences to make one sentence:
1. I like chocolate ice cream. I like coffee ice cream.
I like chocolate ice cream and coffee ice cream.
2. I can speak English. I can understand English.
I can speak and understand English
3. I can’t speak French. I can’t speak Japanese.
I can’t speak French or Japanese.
4. You can eat your pizza here. You can take it home.
You can eat your pizza here or take it home.

Sentence Combining:
I am a famous cartoon animal
1. (A) I am a cartoon animal.
(B) I am famous.
I am afamouscartoon animal. (adjective + noun)
2. (A) I have big ears.
(B) I have black ears.
I have big blackears. (Two adjectives + noun)
3. (A) I always wear red shorts.
(B) I always wear white gloves.
I always wear red shorts and white gloves.
4. (A) I live in a place called Disneyland.
(B) I work in a place called Disneyland.
I live and work in a place called Disneyland.

Practice
1: Dan and Mike went to the store and bought some gum.
Choose the compound subject of the sentence.

A. went to the store
B. and bought some gum
C. Dan and Mike

2: Dan and Mike went to the store and bought some gum.
Choose the compound predicate of the sentence.

A. went to the store and bought some gum
B. Dan and Mike
C. bought some gum

3. Ken went to school. Fred went to school.

A. Ken went to school and Fred went to school.
B. Ken and Fred went to school.
C. Ken, Fred went to school.

4. Harry went to the bathroom. Harry washed his hands.

A. Harry went to the bathroom and washed his hands.
B. Harry went to the bathroom and Harry washed his hands.
C. Harry went to the bathroom, washed his hands.

Choose the sentence with the correct order of words:
1. A. The party everyone left early.
B. Left everyone the party early.
C. Everyone left the party early.

2. A. She home drives after work
B. She drives home after work.
C. Home she drives after work.

3. A. Met my friend I in the park.
B. In the park met my friend I.
C. I met my friend in the park.