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أحبابي هذه الاسئلة اللي جتنا اليوم أذا كنت غلطان في سؤاال واحد أتمنى منكم التصحيح:icon19:





Ars Poetica is a treatise on poetry by اطروحه كتبت في الشعر بواسطه؟ !

- Plato

- Aristotle

- Horace

- Cicero

Captive Greece took its wild conqueror captive. "The conqueror was الاسير اليوناني أخذا في

السر محتلة الهمجي" المحتل هنا هو ؟ !

- England

- France

- Russia

- Rome

Medievel and Renaissance authors like Dante considered language to be

1) كتاب العصور الوسطى وعصر النهضة امثال دانتي اعتبروا ان اللغة

- A divine creation

- A government creation

- A human creation

- A product of chance

2) In the Renaissance, Lorenzo Valla broke with tradition and considered language to be في عصر النهضة، حطم لورنزو فالا التقاليد واعتبر ان اللغة

- A human creation

- A divine creation

- A government creation

- A product of chance

It was during the Renaissance that the monopoly of Latin as the sole language of instruction and education was broken. The weapon that humanists used to break that monopoly was في عصر النهضة تم كسر احتكار اللاتينية كلغة وحيدة للتعليم والتعليم. ماهو السلاح الذي استخدمه

الإنسانيين لكسر هذا الاحتكار؟

- Books of literature

- Poems that praised the vernacular

- Grammar Books

- Criticism

3)

4)

5)

6) During the Renaissance, Humanist critics relied heavily on theories of imitation that

…. Developed في عصر النهضة اعتمد النقاد الإنسانيين بشكل كبير على نظريات تفيد بان التقليد تطور في

- In Rome

- In Greece

- In Europe

- In the Muslim world

7) In literary criticism, formalism is the attempt to make the study of literature:

- Formal and serious في النقد الأدبي، الشكلية هي محاولة لجعل دراسة الأدب

- Scientific and objective

- Fun and entertaining

- Educational and interesting

The aim of Russian Formalism was الهدف كم الشكليه الروسيه هو ..

- To encourage Russians to write more literature

- To establish formalism as a respectable school of literary criticism

- To establish literary scholarship as a distinct and autonomous field of study

- To show the relevance of linguistic theory to the study of literature

Formalists located literary meaning in يحددون التشكيليون المعنى الادبي في

- The poet

- The poem

- The figures of speech

- The impact of the poem on the reader

Formalists proposed to make a distinction اقترحت الشكليون التمييز ..

- Between prose and poetry

- Between ancient and modern poetry

- Between poetic language and ordinary language

- Between Russian poetic language and English poetic language

when a narrative stops the chronological order to bring events or information from the past ( of the time zero ), it is called عندما يوقف الراوي الترتيب الزمني" السرد" ليتذكر أحداث أو

معلومات من الماضي )من الساعة صفر(، ذلك يسمى

- Analepsis

- Prolepsis

- Anachrony

when a narrative stops the chronological order to bring events or information from the future ( of the time zero ), it is called عندما يوقف الراوي الترتيب الزمني" السرد" ليستحضر أحداث أو

معلومات من المستقبل )من الساعة صفر(، ذلك يسمى

- Analepsis

- Prolepsis

- Anachrony

- Flashback

Genette distinguishes three kinds of focalization :

Internal, external and zero focalization

- Simple, complex and compsite focalization

- First, second and third degree focalization

- Small, medium and large focalization

What are the two issues that Gerard Gennete says traditional criticism confuses under "Point of View": ما هي المسالتين اللتي يقول جيرارد عنها بان الانتقادات التقليدية تختلط تحت عنوان "وجهة

نظر

- Plot and characters

- Writer and narrator

- First-person narration and third-person narration

- Narrative voice and narrative perspective

According to Roland Barthes, "a text is not a line of words realizing a single 'theological' meaning (the 'message' of the Author-God) but: وفقا لرولان بارت "، النص ليس

سطر من الكلمات التي تمثل"علم الكلام )" رسالة "من الكاتب-الاله( ولكن

- a space in which a variety of writings, none of them original, blend and clash."

- a ground in which a variety of writings, none of them original, blend and clash."

- " a multi-dimensional in which a variety of writings, none of them original, blend and clash."

- " a uni-dimensional space in which a variety of writings, none of them original, blend and clash."

Roland Barthes rejected the idea that literature and should rely on رفض رولان بارت فكرة أن

الأدب يجب أن يعتمد على

- A single method of reading that everyone should follow

- A single self-determining author, in control of his meanings

- A single school of criticism to interpreta all the texts

- A single philosophy of language to use for literary criticsm

Barthes wants literature to move away from the idea of the author in order to discover: بارت يريد ان ينفصل"يبتعد" الادب عن فكرة المؤلف لأجل اكتشاف :

- The power of literature

- The hidden meaning of the text

- The intentions of the author

- The reader and writing

According to Michel Foucault, the "author function "is وفقا لميشيل فوكو، "وظيفة الكاتب" هي

- A set of belief that the author encodes in his text for the reader to find

- A set of criteria the reader applies to understand the opinion of the author in the text

- A set of criteria used in bookstores to organize books on the shelves

- A set of beliefs governing the production, circulation, classification and consumption of text

What is the number of the actants in Greimas's Actantial Model? ما هو عدد من actants في

غريماس في نموذج Actantial

- Six

- Ten

- Sixteen

- Twenty

A.J. Greimas says we can apply the Actantial Model on يقول اي جي جيرمانز يمكننا تطبيق نموذج Actantial على

- Short stories

- Novels

- Plays

- All literature

Mimesis-Diegesis is a literary distinction that was first formulated by المحاكاة و السرد مسميات ادبية وضعت لأول مرة بواسطه

- Shakespeare

- Aristotle

- Quinintilian

- Plato

Poetry, Says Plato, is dangerous and ought to be banned from the state because الشعر، يقول أفلاطون، أمر خطير ويجب أن يمنع من الدولة لانه

- Poetry makes people lazy

- Poetry cripples the mind

- Poetry makes people weak in math

- Poetry teaches people to rob and steal

Without a system of writing, how does a society preserve and transmit its knowledge, its customs and its traditions ? بدون وجود نظام للكتابة، كيف يمكن للمجتمع المحافظه ونقل معارفه وعاداته وتقاليده؟

- They hire writers from another society

- They use poetry and songs

- Poetry makes people weak in math

- Poetry teaches people to rob and steal

Which critics said: "And narration may either simple narration, or imitation, or a secured of the two" ? من هو الناقد الذي قال: "و الرواية قد تكون بسيطة، أو محاكاه، أو مزيج من الاثنين"؟

- Ibn Rushd

- Aristotle

- Horace

- Plato

The Greek term for "art" and its Latin equivalent (ars) refer to المصطلح اليوناني ل "الفن" وما يعادله باللاتينية (ARS) يقصد به

- The fine arts

- The sciences

- The crafts

- All kinds of human activities which we would call crafts or sciences

Aristotle defined what as "imitation of an action"? ماللذي يعرفه أرسطو ب "تقليد العمل' ؟؟

- Poetry

- Tragedy

- Films

- Music

Tragedy causes pity and fear in المأساة تسبب الشفقة والخوف في

- The writer

- The audience

- The actors

- The hero

What genre of literature does Aristotle say have six parts اي نوع من الأدب يقول أرسطو ان له ستة أجزاء ؟

- The novel

- Comedy

- Tragedy

- Epic poetry

What is it that, according to Aristotle, should have a beginning, a middle and an end? ما هو الشيء الذي .. وفقا لأرسطو، يجب أن يكون له بداية، وسط ونهاية؟ !

- The characters

- The setting

- The themes

- The plot

The most accurate definition of the " plot " in Aristotle's theory of tragedy is ادق تعريف للحبكه ، في نظرية أرسطو للمأساة هو

- The events of the story

- The arrangement of the events in the story

- The arrangement of the hero's action in a cause- effect chain of incidents

- The arrangement of the events in a cause-effect chain incidents

Literariness," according to Jan Mukarovsky, consists in الادب فقا لجان موكاروفسكي ،يتكون في

- The maximum of foregrounding of the utterance

- The minimum of foregrounding of the utterance

- The maximum of backgrounding of the utterance

- The minimum of backgrounding of the utterance

In poetry, said Jakobson, the communicative function should be قال جاكوبسون في الشعر، الوضيفه التواصليه يجب أن تكون

- Reduce to minimum

- Increased to a maximum

- Completely eliminated

- Used moderately

Vladimir Propp tested his theories on وضائف فلاديمير تختبر نظرياته على

- Renaissance drama

- American short stories

- English novels

- Russian fairytales

Structuralism seeks to تسعى البنيوية الى

- Interpret literature

- Investigate the structures of literature

- Investigate styles in literature

- Investigate metaphors in literature

Formalism became in the 1960s the foundation for which school of literary criticism ? أصبحت الشكلية في 0691 s الأساس الذي عليه تنتقد مدارس الادب ...

- Structuralism

- Deconstruction

- Marxism

- Post-structuralism

With structuralism, literary criticism develops the ambition to study literature from a: بالبنيوية ... النقد الأدبي طور طموح دراسة الأدب من منظور ...

- Strictly literary perspective

- Strictly scientific perspective

- Strictly poetic perspective

- Strictly Marxist perspective

In Narrative Discourse, Gerard Gennette defines the "time of the story" as في سرد الخطاب جيرارد جينتي حدد "وقت القصة" ك ( 8 ...

- The time in which the author is writing the story

- The time in which the story happens

- The time in which the story is being told

- The time in which the story is being read

In Narrative Discourse, Gerard Gennette defines the "time of the narrative" as في سرد الخطاب جيرارد جينتي حدد "وقت السرد" ك ..

- The time in which the author is writing the story

- The time in which the story happens

- The time in which the story is being told

- The time in which the story is being read

Gerard Gennette calls "narrative order" جيرارد جينتي يسمي 'ترتيب السرد" ب ..

- The relationship between the time of the story and the time of the narrative

- The relationship between the time of the story and the time of the reading

- The relationship between the time of writing and the time of reading

- The relationship between the time of fiction and real time

When a narrative stops the chronological order to bring events or information from the past (of the time zero) of from the future (of the time zero), it is called عندما يوقف الراوي التسلسل الزمني لتذكر أحداث أو معلومات من الماضي )من الساعة صفر( من من المستقبل )من الساعة صفر(، يسمى ذلك

ب

- Flashback

- Projection in the future

- prolepses

- Anachronies

Who said: " There is no pre-discursive reality. Every reality is shaped and accessed by a discourse" ? من القائل: "ليس هناك واقع ما قبل الكلام . كل واقع يتشكل و يصل بواسطه الكلام "؟

- Roland Barthes

- Michel Foucault

- Jacques Derrida

According to Richard Mabark, European writers knew Greek works Directly by reading them وفقا لريتشارد عرف الكتاب الأوروبيين الأعمال اليونانية ...

- From Arabic translations

- By hiring Greek translators

- Only through the praise of ( Roman ) Latin authors

Logocentrism is an important concept that was developed by

قبل مركزيه الكلام" مفهوم هام تم تطويره من

- Structuralists

- Post-structiralists

- Formalism

- Semioticians

Karl Marx said that it is people's material conditions that determines their قال كارل ماركس أن الظروف المادية للشعب هي التي تحدد ...

- Literary talents

- Consciousness

- Wealth

- Productivity

In Marxist criticism, literary products ( novels, plays, etc ) cannot be understood

في الانتقاد الماركسي، الانتاج الادبي )الروايات، والمسرحيات، وغيرها( لا يمكن أن فهمه

- Without reference to the author's biography and political culture

- Without reference to the classical background that influences them

- Outside of the economic conditions, class relations and ideologies of their time

- Outside the time and place in which the author lives

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were كان كارل ماركس وفريدريك أنجلز

- Literary critics

- Political philosophers

- Novelists

- Playwrights

Western drama, poetry, literary criticism, art, education, politics, fashion, architecture, painting, sculpture were ALL produced in imitation of أنتجت الدراما والشعر والنقد الأدبي والفن والتعليم والسياسة والأزياء والعمارة والرسم والنحت الغربي محاكاه ل ؟

- French literature

- Classical Antiquity

- Latin American culture

-Arabic and Islamic culture

9) The West's relationship with Greece and Rome is علاقة الغرب باليونان وروما هي علاقه .

- Full of contradictions and ambivalence

- Simple and straightforward

- Unknown

- Beautiful

The Romans so desperately wanted to imitate the Greeks and so constantly failed to match them because: اراد الرومان بكل يأس محاكاه وتقليد اليونان و فشلوا باستمرار للحاق بهم "مجاراتهم" بسبب

- The Romans did not read and write

- The Romans did not have translators

- Imitation cannot produce originality

- The Romans were bad imitators

The Romans were; كان الرومان

- Simple, rural and uncultivated people

- Sophisticated and literary people

- Multilingual

- Unable to read and