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جزاكم الله خير ع المجهود ويارب توفيقك

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يعطيك ربي العافيه كذا بتثبت المعلومات اكثر

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lecture 3 part 2

1) what did the the term art (latin 'ars') applied to?
not todays term of fine arts , but all kinds of human activities

2)how did the ancient classify what we today call fine art ?
it was classified under science and crafts

3) what are the five major arts ?
Painting, sculpture, architecture, music and poetry

Before the 18th century the five major arts were under science and crafts

4)when is the discipline that we call literature invented?
In the 18th century

5) does Plato use the word litterateur or art?
No he uses the word poetry

6) What were poetry tragedy and comedy known as in the ancient world ?
poetry

7) give an example of the tragedian?
Sophocles, Euripdes

8) give an example of a comedian ?
Aristophanes

9) give an example of the epic poet?
Homer

10) did the Greeks call them artists ?
no they did not

11)did the Greeks call their poems and plays literature?
no, they diid not

12) what is the poet that plato describes in his book the republic?

he is a poet a performer and an educator

13)what was the source of knowledge is ancient Greece?
poetry

14) why was it the source of their knowledge ?
because they were an oral society

15) why would that matter?
for a society that doesn't have a writing system poetry becomes useful to preserve knowledge

16) why use poetry to preserve knowledge?
because poetry uses rhymes , meter and harmony and those make it easy to remember

17) what is an oral society ?
societies that don't have a system of writing

in an oral society knowledge , and customers an tradition or thought using poetry its the source of knowledge

18) why did plato see the poet as a big danger to his society ?
Literature is an interaction between a reader and a book
Oral poetry is a communal performance.
Literature is entertainment and pleasure
Oral poetry teaches science, medicine, war and peace and social values
The writer or artist of literature is a gifted individual
The poet in an oral society is a leader, an educator, a warrior, a priest

19)what did plato accuse the poetic experience of his time with ?
conditioning the citizens to imitate and repeat , the values without understanding them

20) do the poets have knowledge about the things they speak about?
[/no they are only good at song making and their knowledge is superficial

the poet produces a poor copy of the things he sings about and the listener acquires a bad education

the greek society was unjust

platos balames educators fro teaching youth to appear just and not really be just

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lecture 3 part 3

what are the colors of poetry ?
rhythm, harmony, and measure

2) what does plato analyse to prove his point?
style and content

3) where does the charm and power of poetry reside in(in plato’s opinion) ?
rhythm, harmony, and measures

4)what is the poet good at in his opinion ?
good at the aesthetic adjustment of his verses and rhythms and is actually ignorant about the content of his songs or tales

5)is the four in oral poetry only verbal?
no,it is also physical. The oral poet relies equally on gestures, movements and mimicry

6)what is their purpose?
Like the poet’s words, they divert attention from what is actually being said and only aim to impress the spectator by the skills of the delivery

7) what is the result of exposing the youth to poetry from childhood to adulthood?
The youth will be educated to rely on emotions rather than reason.

Poetry cripples the mind. It weakens the critical faculty and breeds conformity.

8)what does imitation turn into?
it grows into habits and becomes a second nature


9)why do rhythms and colourful images have a strong and powerful impact on the listener ?
they find their way into the inward places of the soul, on which they mightily fasten (plato)

10) what do excitement of physical pleasures and internal passions produce?
a neutralisation of the faculty of sense and judgement

11) what was Plato’s merit ?
he distanced himself enough from these experiences to understand that the passivity effect produced was calculated

12)is it only the naïve or the ignorant that succumb to the power of poetry ?
no plato said even “the best of us” are vulnerable to a good passage

13)Poetry creates a culture of what?
superficiality

14) what dose that mean?
People want only to “seem” just rather than “be” just.

15)why is this culture of appearances most devastating in politics and law ?
because its where material rewards and economic exploitation are great

16) why can fake appearances be of great use to politicians?
They could develop, superficial ideologies with the sole aim of control and profit

17) is the superficial culture that poetry produces equally harmful to everybody ?
no,there are those who suffer , and there are those who use and benefit

18) why do some devote themselves to the game of breeding and developing appearances and lies?
The benefits are the incentive

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اسئلة الاختبار (من ملف تنسيق / طالب 1428)

المحاضرة الاولى

(30) Why is Western literature and criticism connected to classical Greek and Roman cultures?
A. They share the same taste in literature
B. They share the same religion
C. Western literature is a recreation, a revival of classical literature
D. Western literature borrows mythology from the literature of classical antiquity

1/ “[A] man who follows another not only finds nothing; he is not even looking.” .. who is say it :
a-Horace
b-Quintilian
c-Seneca


2/ “Captive Greece took its wild conqueror captive”..who is say it:
a-Horace
b-Quintilian
c-Seneca

3/ what is famous dialogue by Plato:
a-the Republic
b-Poetics
c-Political

المحاضره الثانية

(31) Roman writers felt inferior to Greek culture because:
A. The Greeks had a bigger empire
B. The Greek culture was easy to understand
C. Roman was superior to Greece militarily, but inferior culturally
D. It was easier to become famous in Greece than in Rome


المحاضره الثالثة

(34) Who made the distinction between Mimesis and Diegesis?
A. Plato
B. Cicero
C. Aristotle
D. Ibn Rushd

(35) Why did Plato ban the poet from the city?
A. He was jealous
B. He doesn't like entertainment
C. Poetry cripples the mind
D. Poetry is not good for health

(36) "And narration," says Plato, can proceed by:
A. Imitation
B. Narration
C. Imitation or narration or a mixture of the two
D. By indirect speech

(37) Plato analyzed poetry as an imitation in his dialogue.
A. Phaedrus
B. Sophist
C. Ian
D. Republic

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2/ “Captive Greece took its wild conqueror captive”..who is say it:
a-Horace
b-Quintilian
c-Seneca
الحل هنا
horace

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الله يعطيك العافيه عيووش ويجزاك خير

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استمرررري سهلتيها علينااايعطيك الف عافيه

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lecture 4 part 1


1)what was Aristotle considered to be ?
very easy compared to Plato

2)who was easier to incorporate in Western literary and philosophical systems ?

Aristotle

3)what is the foundation of artistic, dramatic and literary practice ?
Aristotle’s analysis of Tragedy in the Poetics

4) what do western scholars who dislike Plato’s discussion of poetry think of Aristotle ?
they are usually full of praise for Aristotle

5)who said “When Aristotle comes to challenge his great master and speaks up for art, his attitude to the work of imitation is altogether more respectful.” ?
John Jones

6) who is meant by great master?
Plato

7) who said “One must keep in mind Plato’s devaluation of mimesis in order to appreciate the impact of the repairs Aristotle undertook.” ?
Wolfgang Iser

8) what did he mean by mimesis?
art

9) what did Aristotle repair?
what Plato destroyed

10) who said “Plato is known to have had shifting opinions on art depending on whether he thought art was useful for or detrimental to his ideal state. Aristotle’s was also an aesthetics of effect, but a more enlightened and dehumanised one.” ?
Theodor Adorno


11)what is Aristotle considered to be in Western cultures ?
the unchallenged authority on poetry and literature

12) who is the ‘czar of literary criticism”?
Aristotle

13) who said that Aristotle was the ‘czar of literary criticism”?
Gerald Else

14) who wrote The Poetics ?
Aristotle

15) what is The Poetics considered to be ?
it has for centuries functioned as the most authoritative book of literary criticism

16) what is the Bible of literary criticism ?
The Poetics

17) what is tragedy ?
is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude

18)there are several kinds of artistic ornaments found in plays ,what is their form?
action , not narrative .

19)what do tragedies arouse?
pity and fear

20) how many parts do we have to determine the quality of a Tragedy ?
6 parts

21) what are the parts ?
plot - characters - diction - thought - spectacle - melody

22)what is tragedy ? مو إعاده في عدة تعاريف و صفات للتراجدي
it is the “imitation of an action (mimesis) according to the law of probability or necessity

22) who said Tragedy “shows” you an action rather than “tells” you about it?
Aristotle

23) why does a Tragedy arouses pity and fear ?
The audience identifies with the characters, feels their pain and their grief and rejoices at their happiness.


24) what is the first principle of the Tragedy ?
the plot

25) what is a plot?
Aristotle defines plot as “the arrangement of the incidents.”

26) is Aristotle talking about the story itself?
no he’s talking about the way the incidents are presented to the audience, the structure of the play

27) in what sequence is the plot arranged?
cause-effect sequence

28) tragedies where the outcome depends on a tightly constructed cause-and-effect chain of actions are superior to what ?
superior to those that depend primarily on the character and personality of the hero/protagonist

29)what must the plot be ?
a whole

30) what does a whole mean ?
it should have a beginning, middle, and end

31) what is the beginning called?
incentive moment

32) what does the incentive moment start ?
the cause-and-effect chain


33) what is the middle called?
the climax

34) what causes the climax?
it is caused by earlier incidents and itself causes the incidents that follow it

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