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تابعونا وفالكم الفل مارك باذن الله سنغطي الماده بشكل كامل

تفاعلكم اساس نجاح المراجعه

الصبر ثم الصبر :d5:

رد: مـراجـــعــــة مـادة الصــــوتيات للاخــتبار النــهـــائي :: هنا ::
 

Seven main articulators

سبعة مفاصل رئيسية



1. The pharynx

البلعوم

A tube which begins just above the larynx.
- Top end is divided into two:
a) the back of the mouth
b) beginning of the way thru’ the nasal cavity



2. The velum or the soft palate

اللهاه

- The velum is raised so that air cannot
escape through the nose.
- When the tongue is in contact with the
lower side of the velum, sounds(velar
consonants) such as /k/ and /g/ are produced


3. The hard palate

الحنك الصلب ( السقف )


often called the ‘roof of the mouth’.
- has smooth curved surface.

رد: مـراجـــعــــة مـادة الصــــوتيات للاخــتبار النــهـــائي :: هنا ::
 

4. The alveolar ridge
بين الأسنان الأمامية العليا والحنك الصلب.
( انظر الصوره )

between the top front teeth and the hard palate.
- surface is covered with little ridges.
- sounds made by the tongue touching this area
such as /t/ and /d/ are called alveolar.


5. The tongue

اللسان
- a very important articulator.
- Can be moved into many different places
and different shapes.

6. The teeth

الاسنان

- consist of upper and lower teeth
- Sounds made with the tongue touching the
front teeth such as /t/ and /d/ are called dental.

7. The lips

الشفاه

can be
- pressed together to produce bilabial sounds,
such as /p/ and /b/
- brought into contact with teeth to produce
labiodental sounds such as /f/ and /v/
- can be rounded to produce lip-shape for vowels
like /u:/

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The 7 articulators are the main ones but there  are 3 others to remember

1-
Larynx

الحنجره

a very complex and independent articulator.
the larynx (Adam’s apple) vibrates when you
produced the voiced sound, /z/.

2-
Jaws

الفك

- the movement of the jaws (especially the lower
one) helps a lot in speaking.

3-


Nose and nasal cavity

الانف و التجويف الانفي
- very important part of our vocal apparatus
of making sounds, specifically nasal sounds
such as /m/,/n/, /ŋ/

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الجدول مهم جدا


http://store1.up-00.com/Dec11/yC940531.jpg

رد: مـراجـــعــــة مـادة الصــــوتيات للاخــتبار النــهـــائي :: هنا ::
 

A phoneme is the smallest contrastive unit in the sound system of a language.

اصغر جزء في نظام الصوت


A phoneme is a minimal unit that serves to distinguish between meanings of words.

وحده مصغره هدفها تمييز معاني الكلمات


HOW MANY PHONEMES ARE THERE IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE?


Approx. 40, depending on the dialect.

رد: مـراجـــعــــة مـادة الصــــوتيات للاخــتبار النــهـــائي :: هنا ::
 

رقم الدكتور 0550348568

رد: مـراجـــعــــة مـادة الصــــوتيات للاخــتبار النــهـــائي :: هنا ::
 

Features of Pronunciation

http://store1.up-00.com/Dec11/lpq41355.jpg

رد: مـراجـــعــــة مـادة الصــــوتيات للاخــتبار النــهـــائي :: هنا ::
 

تم حفظ الرقم .. شكرا


سيتم الاتصال بالدكتور لاحقا وقبل الاتصال به ساخبركم لمن لديه استفسار ولكن لاحقا

رد: مـراجـــعــــة مـادة الصــــوتيات للاخــتبار النــهـــائي :: هنا ::
 

Different letters – one sound

e.g. Letters ‘q’ ‘c’ ‘k’ - /k/ in quick, call, kid



One letter – different sounds

e.g. ‘i’- /ɪ/ in ink, /aɪ / in hind, /ɜː/ in irk



Combination of letters – one sound


e.g.‘wh’ /w/ in when, ‘ght’ /t/ in night,

‘gh’ /f/ in laugh



Letters – silent


e.g. bomber, almond, sign



ملاحظه هامه :


Do not necessarily have one to one sound correspondence




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