المحاضره الاولى
1- giorgio vasari <<< اول من استخدم مصطلح renaissance
2- martin luther<<< nailed 95 these to the door of the church in wittenberge
3-henry 8 >>> defender of the faith
4- james << encouraged the preparation of a new english translation of the bible
5- christopher marlowe >> jew of malta
6- shakespears<<< the merchant of venice
يتبع مع محاضره 2
:106:

المحاضره 2
1- william caxton<< issued the first imaginative book
2-Sir thomas malary<< retelling of the Arthurian legends as Le morte D arthur
3-henry8<< the greatest of the Tudor monarchs
4- charles darwin <<< origin of species
5- cathurin<< henrys wife
6- erasmus<< praise of folly
produced a Greek edition of the scriptures in place of the existing Latin one
8- martin luther<< marked the decisive break with roma

9- jean calvin <<< saw the bible as the literal word of God
في 20 سنه الاخيره من حياته اصبحت جنيف قوة البروتستانتيه
10- copernicus and Galileo>>would establish scientifically that the Earth was not the center of the universe
11- copernicus>>>replaced Aristotle system with sun rather than earth
12- Harvey>> discovered circulation of the blood

محاضره 3
1- السوناته الايطاليه <<< francesco petrarch
2-السوناته الانجليزيه او الشكسبيريه >>> henry howard
3- توماس وايت >>> farewell love and all thy laws forever

محاضره 13
1- petrarch <<< delighted in studying in the works of Cicero and Virgil
2- cicero and virgil two great writers of the Roman age
3-giovanni pico della>>>the belief that there were no limits to what man could accomplish
4- Francesco Petrarca>>> was the father of humanism
works also led to the rise of people known as civic-minded and looked to the goverment of the ancient worlds for insoiration
5- Leonardo Bruni <<< wrote abiography of cicero
and
he was a historian whi today is most famous for the history of the Florentine peoples
6- Giovanni Boccaccio>>> wrote the Decameron
7- Baldassare Castiglione <<< the courtier