ملتقى طلاب وطالبات جامعة الملك فيصل,جامعة الدمام

المحاضرة الرابعة

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تدريبات اخرى على ماتم اخذه في المحاضرا السابقه
There's good news and bad news about life in modern cities—first, the bad.
People who study population growth predict a nightmare by the year 2025: the
global population will be more than 8 billion, and almost 4 billion of these
people will be living in cities in developing countries such as India and Nigeria.
Population growth is already causing unbelievable overcrowding. Due to overcrowding,
these cities have problems with air pollution, disease, and crime. People spend
hours in gridlock—that is, traffic so horrible that it simply doesn't move—when
they commute daily from their homes to their work and back. There isn't enough
water, transportation, or housing. Many people don't have access to health
services or jobs. Now the good news: in some cities, instead of worsening
urban life is actually getting much better.
What does developing countries mean? Poercountries(الدليل هو)such as,
What does gridlock mean? traffic so horrible that it simply doesn't moveالدليل هو—that is
What does predict mean? To say in advance that something will happen استخدام المنطق
What does commute mean? Walk
What does worsening mean? much better الدليل هو, instead of أي المطلوب هو عكسه(عكس)

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It might not be a surprise to find that life in affluent cities is improving. But what about cities that aren't rich? The city of Curitiba, Brazil, proves that it's possible for even a city in a developing country to offer a good life to its residents. The mayor of Curitiba for twenty-five years, Jaime Lerner, was an architect and a very practical person. Under his leadership, the city planners established a list of priorities—in other words, a list of what was most important to work on. They decided to focus on the environment and on the quality of life. With an average income of only about $2000 per person per year, Curitiba has the same problems as many cities. However, it also has some creative solutions.
Identify The Main Idea
it's possible for even a city in a developing country to offer a good life to its residents.
What does affluent mean? Richcities
What does priorities mean? a list of what was most important to work on الدليل هو—in other words,
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[C] One creative solution is the method of garbage collection. In neighborhoods that garbage trucks can't reach, poor people bring bags of trash to special centers. At these centers, they exchange the trash for fresh produce—such as potatoes and oranges—or for bus tickets. At a recycling plant, workers separate bottles, plastic, and cans from other trash. Two-thirds of Curitiba's garbage is recycled, which is good for the environment. And the plant gives jobs to the poorest people, which improves their lives.
Tash à garbage الدليل هو المنطق
Produceà Products الدليل هو —such as potatoes and oranges—
What does recycling plant mean? Recycling الدليل هو , workers separate bottles, plastic,
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D] Due to careful planning, Curitiba does not have the same traffic problems that most cities have. The statistics are surprising. The population has grown—now twice the size it was in 1974—but traffic has actually decreased 30 percent. Curitiba needed a mass-transit system but couldn't afford an expensive subway. City planners began, instead, with an unusual system of buses in the center lanes of five wide major streets..
What does a mass-transit mean?
حاولوا حل السؤال
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To make the environment both cleaner and more beautiful, Curitiba has strict laws against polluters. But it also has low taxes for companies that have green areas, so several hundred major industries such as Pepsi and Volvo have offices in the city. Bringing natural beauty into the city is a priority. For this reason, Curitiba gave 1.5 million young trees to neighborhoods to plant and take care of. And the downtown shopping area is now a pedestrian zone—in other words, for walkers only, no cars—and is lined with gardens.
What does pedestrian zone means?
for walkers only, no cars الدليل هو —in other words,
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Clearly, overcrowding in big cities worldwide is the cause of serious problems. However, the example of Curitiba provides hope that careful planning and creative thinking can lead to solutions to many of them. Curitiba is truly, as Lewis Mumford once said of cities in general, a "symbol of the possible.
Find a sentence in the conclusion which seems to mean about the same main idea of the whole passage.
ابحث عن الجمله التي تكون مشابهه للفكره الرئيسيه
and creative thinking can lead to solutions to many of them
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Elizabeth Steinberg was a healthy sixteen-year-old student on the tennis team at St. Charles High School, west of Chicago, Illinois. But in the fall of 1977, he started to have strange health problems. The same thing happened to dozens of teachers and students at the school. They went to doctors for treatment of a number of symptoms such as sore throats, tiredness, headaches, and respiratory (breathing) difficulties. Doctors treated respiratory infections with antibiotics, but the condition didn't seem to improve, except—mysteriously—on weekends and over vacations, when the symptoms disappeared. Experts came to investigate and find the cause. They discovered that St. Charles High, like thousands of other schools and office buildings nationwide, is a "sick building"—in other words, a building that creates its own indoor air pollution.
Topic: health problems in school
Main Idea :all students in the same school have the same problem for years\ They discovered that St. Charles High, like thousands of other schools and office buildings nationwide, is a "sick building"—in other words, a building that creates its own indoor air pollution.
Understanding Pronoun Reference: They (paragraph a, Line 4)
teachers and students
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People have worried about smog for many years, and the government has
spent billions of dollars to try to clean up the air of big cities. But now we find that there is no escape from unhealthful air. Recent studies have shown that air inside many homes, office buildings, and schools is full of pollutants: chemicals, mold, bacteria, smoke, and gases. These pollutants are causing a group of unpleasant and dangerous symptoms that experts call "sick-building syndrome." First discovered in 1982, sick-building syndrome most often includes symptoms similar to the flu (watering eyes, headaches, and so on) and respiratory infections such as tonsillitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia.
Topic: unhealthful air/couses (pollutants)and symptoms of sick building syndrome
Topic sentence:
But now we find that there is no escape from unhealthful air
What is the closest meaning to the word “Several” ?many
Understanding pronoun reference: these (par b, line 5).
chemicals, mold, bacteria, smoke, and gases.
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Although most common in office buildings and schools, the indoor pollution
that causes sick-building syndrome can also occur in houses. Imagine a typical home. The people who live there burn oil, wood, or gas for cooking and heating. They might smoke cigarettes, pipes, or cigars. They use chemicals for cleaning. They use hundreds of products made of plastic or particleboard—that is, an inexpensive kind of board made of very small pieces of wood held together with a chemical. These products give off chemicals that we can't see but that we do breathe in. In some homes, carbon monoxide from cars in the garage can enter the house. And in many areas, the ground under the building might send a dangerous gas called radon into the home. The people in the house are breathing in a "chemical soup."
Topic: sick-building syndrome can also occur in houses.
Topic Sentence or main idea: sick-building syndrome can also occur in houses.
Understanding Pronoun Reference:
1. they (paragraph c, line 3) The people who live there
لايوجد في القطعه هذا الضمير2. them (paragraph c, line
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There are several solutions to the problem of sick-building syndrome, among them cleansing the building. First, of course, experts must determine the specific cause in any one building. Then workers probably need to take out carpets, wallpaper, and ceiling tiles in order to remove mold and bacteria. Also, they need to clean out the air conditioning system and completely rebuild the system of ventilation. They should remove synthetic products and bring in natural products, instead, if they are available.
Topic: are several solutions to the problem of sick-building syndrome
Main idea: There are several solutions to the problem of sick-building syndrome, among them cleansing the building.
Understanding Pronoun Reference: them (line 1) solutions
Understanding pronoun reference : they ( line5) workers
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أجزاء الكلامParts of Speech
ينقسم الكلام الى :
علمnoun \فعلVerb \ صفه Adjective \ حال Adverb
يعتبر الفعل والصفه والحال مصادر للعلم
فـ لكل علم فعل و صفه وحال
*يجب حفظ هذا الجدول

noun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Beauty, beautification
Beautify
Beautiful
Beautifully
Creation
Create
Creative
Creatively
Crowd
Crowd
Crowded
crowdedly
Difference
differenhate
Different
Differently
Difficulty
difficul
Difficult
Difficultly
Efficiency
ليس لها فعل
Efficient
Efficiently
Pollution, pollutant
Pollute
ليس لها صفه
ليس لها حال
prediction
Predict
Predictable
Predictably
Safety
Save
Safe/savalde
Safely
solution
Solve
Solvable
ليس لها حال
ليس لها علم
Worsen
worse
wersely

يرمز للعلم بـ n
يرمز للفعل بـv
يرمز للصفه بـ adj
يرمز للحال بـadv
في التدريب التالي
يذكر لنا كلمه من الكلمات الموجوده في الجدول أعلاه
ويطلب منا تعبئة الفراغ بأحد مصادر هذه الكلمه مع ذكر نوعه

Solve

They are trying to find a ____solution ____ (n.) to the problem of overcrowding, but this is a difficult problem to ______ solve____ (v.).
2. Pollute
Most people know about air ____pollution___ ( n ) in big cities, but they’re just beginning to learn about the many ___ pollutions ____ (n ) that we have inside buildings.
3. Crowd
There are __ Crowd s___ (n ) of people everywhere ; the mass-transit system is especially __crowded___ ( adj ).
4. Save
The city is not __safe___ ( adj ) because of crime. People can’t leave their homes __sefely___ (adv ) at night, and the police can’t provide for their __safty___ ( n ).
5. Beautify
Many people bring plants into their homes because the plants are __beautiful___ ( adj ). However, it's possible that these plants not only ___beautify___ (v ) the environment but also clean the air.
أرجو ان تعملوا هذه لوحدكم
6. Differ
The causes of indoor air pollution ____ ( ) from area to area. One reason for the _____ ( ) is that people hear their homes _____ ( ). People in some areas burn wood for hear; in other areas, they use something ______ ( ).
معلومات:
ينهتي العلم احيانا بـtion
تنتهي الصفه احيانا بـable-ent ينتهي الحال دائما بـly
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