In this novel we are very much interested in the narrative technique.
Yorick is an English man .he decides to go journey to France and Italy. He writes about his journey, the people he met, the places he visited.
The novel begins in the middle of the conversation .Yorick and a man is talking. Two English men are talking together.
This way is a new way of writing. It is a modern way because people now are doing this.
The writer has a very fashionable technique in writing this novel.
In the first paragraph, there is no sentence, there is a fragment.
The two English men are talking about something we don’t know. They are making comparison about people in England and people in France.
People go by ship from Dover (an English port) to Calais (a French port).
He will go to Dover and reach Calais in the morning.
This behavior is a much companioned behavior. It doesn’t only describe the character of Yorick; it even describes the tall of the novel in general.
The novel gives a very close sense. The tone of this novel is very sentimental.
He actually goes to France, and at three o'clock he is in France, he is eating dinner meal of chicken. In France, there is a very strange custom. If you are a traveler to France, and die there, all your things will be the property of the government. It will not return to your family.
We have a third person narrator as a narrative technique. He talks in a very friendly tone .he is very companion whether in his way of writing or behavior. He is writing a travelogue, he talks about strange customs.
The story is very progressive, the man was in England, and then he is in France. The novel is a progressive digressions .it means that to tell another idea or story, but to return to the main story.
The man is traveling and narrating his journey, but while he is narrating the main story, he gives association ideas which he remembers a certain things while talking.
The novel is a travelogue and sentimental novel.
The end
Second year prose
No.9 Dr. Maha
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Thin novel is a travelogue and sentimental journey and it has a narrative technique.
Yorick is the narrator and the main character. He lives a realistic journey through France and Italy. He writes about the real places he visits and the real people he meets.
The whole story can be considered as a fragment. It starts in the middle of the sentence, we have a dialogue between yorick and another person, and they are talking about something we don’t know. Then there is the journey. The end of the novel also ends in the middle of the sentence .we are never told how it ends. We also don’t have a certain events.
Nobody did this before him, he was the first author to do this, and during the last 60 years, in our modern age, authors start to imitate this way of writing. And in some modern novels there are two different endings.
That is why Laurence is called modern author, although he lived in the 18th century.
The novel starts with the unknown person talking about unknown topic. Then he makes his decision to travel to France.
In his journey he talks about different customs because he is writing travelogue.
The sentimental novel doesn’t deal with sentiments only, it also deals with other sentiments like charity, religion……..
The monk
We find an episode called the monk. The monk wants some money to give them to the poor. Yorick said that he is a selfish man and refuses to give him the money .but after the monk goes away, yorick feels ashamed of himself. But after sometime we return to the same episode. He meets the monk again, he will be totally different. First because he feels sorry not to give him the money, and during the time between the first and the second meeting with the monk, yorick falls in love with a young lady. He falls in love very quickly as if he known her all his life.
When the lady is with him he decides to give the monk something, he gives him a snuff box which is very expensive.
He decides to exchange his snuff box with the monk's box.
This exchange shows the moral lesson that he learns, which shows the importance of travel. It learns charity and gives moral lessons.
Here there is the sentiment of charity and the sentiment of self blame.
The Desobligeant
It is a French word means carriage that holds only one person.
Yorick rents it to move from one place to another.
The Remise door
Yorick meets a young French lady; the sister of the count .she is staying in the same inn with him.
The inn keeper helps them to meet, and in the remise door they are holding their hands. He talks a lot about this hand holding which is a sentimental act.
Amiens
It is a French city. While yorick in this city, he has a number of episodes.
This lady is supposed to be travelling in a journey, but her journey will go to another place. He feels sorry because he will miss her. He feels more sorry because the lady has some conflict, miserable, and she suffers a lot.
He decides to make digression with her journey to hear her story. This shows the digression of a narrative technique.
He speaks about a beautiful woman in a very sentimental way. He wants to share her sense of misery and suffering.
He wants to spend all the night beside her to wipe here tears with his handkerchief .he enjoys suffering and tears which is a sentimental behavior.
He doesn’t care the identity of his beloved, he only likes being in love .he loves for the aim of being in love, and this is a very sentimental episode.
The gloves
Yorick reaches Paris, he likes walking in the evening .he is walking around, and he doesn’t care where. He wants someone to help him in the directions. He asks a beautiful lady to help him. She is working in the shop, he admires her beauty, and she tells him about the direction. He thanks her, but again he asks her to repeat because he can't focus because of her beauty, she doesn’t care and thanks him. She is the wife of the shop owner who is not jealous at all .he is not angry of yorick.
The situation is a sentiment, but it is also about the French people, they are not jealous as the English people.
The passport
Versalles
We find that in the 18th century you can travel without a passport, but England was in war, it is a serious problem at that time in England to travel without passport.
While yorick was in the ship, he discovers that doesn't have his passport. A French count helps him, but he can't stay in Paris, he is very optimistic. he walks in the streets of Paris ,he goes to the book shop ,he wants to buy some books, but he can't because the books are sold to the count ,who is advised to see him if he has any problem .
Yorick decides to go to him, and then he introduces himself to the count. The count thinks that he is the same yorick in Hamlet, Shakespeare's play. This shows that the French people are not intelligent like the English people.
In the travelogue, there should be a comment on the customs and nature of people.
The mystery
Paris
It talks about the human nature. It is a philosophical reflection on the human nature .the difference between the nature of man and the nature of woman.
Yorick is in the street, he watched a beggar, who is talking only with women, whatever she is, and the woman gives him some money, he never tries to talk with any man.
Yorick is puzzled with this .afterwards he meets this beggar again and asks him about the reason of this behavior. The answer was one word, flattering, woman likes to be flattered.
Here he comments on the woman nature.
The case of conscience
Here he comments on the nature of the French people.
Yorick moves to another inn, the inn keeper comes to him and he was very angry with him and asks him to leave his room.
Yorick is surprised at this behavior. The inn keeper pretends to be defending honor, reputation, the good name of his hotel.

He tells him that he allows a girl to enter his room for two hours .yorick thinks that he allows this seller to enter in the evening .she wants to sell him something.
Then he discovers that the inn keeper is not honor as he pretends to be .he is angry because the girl didn’t give him money ,he tells him that he is able to send girl to his room if he want.
The inn keeper want to share with her the money ,he thinks wrongly about the situation ,the girl only wants to show him goods to sell.
The inn keeper does not care for honor, he only cares for money. He allows the guests to do anything for a sum of money.
Here we have a negative comment on the French morals French people has no morals or values.
The fragment
Also we have an important fragment, the novel starts in the middle of the sentence and we don’t know the origin of the dialogue, and it ends in the middle of the sentence, this makes fragment.
But here in this story, there is a different fragment .it helps to show us two main things, this novel is in a scene of fragment, and the other thing is the theme of digression.
What is more interesting is that the digression again is a fragment.
It is a complete digression story; it starts in the middle and ends in the middle.
We have the fragment of the story about a notary and his wife.
This story is a fragment because it starts from the middle of the story and we reach the end, we don’t know what happened.
One day Yorick told his servant ,le fleur ,that he doesn’t want to leave the inn ,he sends him to bring some food .between the items he brings there is a butter ,and on the butter there is a piece of paper which is written in old French .yorick decides to translate it .this fragment starts also from the middle .
The notary has a violent, angry wife. They are quarrelling together. The notary leaves the house.
While he is walking he hears a sound of an old man .the old man asks his servant to go and bring a notary, he wants to write his will. The notary enters the house and introduces himself.
The old man doesn’t have any money or property, but he has a story, he will give it to the notary because he hasn't family, and if the notary publishes it he will become very wealthy.
We don’t know what the strange story is. Or what is the cause of the quarrel between the notary and his wife.
This is a real fragment, it is very important also because it is a mixture of the whole novel fragment.
The case of delicacy
Yorick is staying in the inn , the night is very cold .the inn keeper enters his room and told him that a lady and her servant will stay with him in his room ,there is no empty rooms .the room has two beds ,it is not big and it is very cold .
He accepts, they have dinner together then they go to bed.
They have a contract they no one should speak any word at night, or he will leave the room.
Yorick can't sleep all the night, he says (oh my god).the lady asks him to leave the room .it was very dark, he can't say anything.
When he stretches his hand he holds the fille de chamber.
The story ends here.
The author leaves us to imagine what will happen later.
The modern ****s writers which leave you to imagine and they didn’t give the whole story.





The end
.